Sobre el estatuto de la vida en el paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano

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04/2022
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Pontifica Universidad Católica de Paraná
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Revista de Filosofia
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0104-4443
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Este artículo analiza la noción de vida del paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano a partir de una bivalencia fundamental de la vida, entendida tanto como correlato de un poder que la domina y la administra, como posibilidad de un poder que resiste y que escapa siempre también a las tecnologías biopolíticas y se enfrenta a ellas. Ahora bien, ¿de dónde extrae Foucault esas virtualidades de la vida?, ¿con qué materiales construye ese concepto? y sobre todo, ¿qué alcances y potencialidades tiene? El análisis, que toma en consideración la producción foucaultiana en su conjunto así como el aparato crítico sobre esta problemática, destaca y se centra, en particular, en el ascendente nietzscheano, lo que tendrá consecuencias de importancia para comprender desarrollos ulteriores sobre la vida en el pensamiento del filósofo francés, como la estética de la existencia, la resistencia, la crítica y la libertad. Con el fin de llevar a cabo este trabajo, el artículo se estructura a partir de los siguientes puntos: una breve revisión de la noción de vida al interior de la producción foucaultiana en su conjunto; el análisis de la noción de vida que Foucault presenta hacia mediados de los años 1970 en lo que se podría denominar el “paradigma biopolítico” y, en particular, en su relación con las nociones de poder y de gobierno; el examen de la genealogía entre las nociones de vida y de poder del paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano y la noción nietzscheana de “voluntad de poder”; y la propuesta de un conjunto de conclusiones tentativas de la noción de vida en el paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano, destacando una serie de alcances y potencialidades del componente de la resistencia de esa noción.
This article analyzes the notion of life of the Foucauldian biopolitical paradigm from a fundamental bivalence of life, understood both as a correlate of a power that dominates and administers it, as the possibility of a power that resists and that always also escapes biopolitical technologies and confronts them. Now, where does Foucault extract those virtualities of life? With what materials does he build this concept? And above all, what scope and potentialities does it have? The analysis, which takes into account the Foucauldian production as a whole as well as the critical apparatus on this problem, highlights and focuses, in particular, on the Nietzschean ascendant, which will have important consequences for understanding subsequent developments on life in the thought of the French philosopher, such as the aesthetics of existence, resistance, critique and freedom. In order to carry out this work, the article is structured as follows: a brief review of the notion of life within Foucauldian production as a whole; the analysis of the notion of life that Foucault presented towards the mid-1970s in what could be called the “biopolitical paradigm” and, in particular, in its relationship with the notions of power and government; the examination of the genealogy between the notions of life and power of the Foucauldian biopolitical paradigm and the Nietzschean notion of "will to power"; and the proposal of a set of tentative conclusions about the notion of life in the Foucauldian biopolitical paradigm, highlighting a series of scopes and potentialities of the resistance component of that notion.
This article analyzes the notion of life of the Foucauldian biopolitical paradigm from a fundamental bivalence of life, understood both as a correlate of a power that dominates and administers it, as the possibility of a power that resists and that always also escapes biopolitical technologies and confronts them. Now, where does Foucault extract those virtualities of life? With what materials does he build this concept? And above all, what scope and potentialities does it have? The analysis, which takes into account the Foucauldian production as a whole as well as the critical apparatus on this problem, highlights and focuses, in particular, on the Nietzschean ascendant, which will have important consequences for understanding subsequent developments on life in the thought of the French philosopher, such as the aesthetics of existence, resistance, critique and freedom. In order to carry out this work, the article is structured as follows: a brief review of the notion of life within Foucauldian production as a whole; the analysis of the notion of life that Foucault presented towards the mid-1970s in what could be called the “biopolitical paradigm” and, in particular, in its relationship with the notions of power and government; the examination of the genealogy between the notions of life and power of the Foucauldian biopolitical paradigm and the Nietzschean notion of "will to power"; and the proposal of a set of tentative conclusions about the notion of life in the Foucauldian biopolitical paradigm, highlighting a series of scopes and potentialities of the resistance component of that notion.
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