El rol normativo de la paraconsistencia

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Fecha
2025-01-28
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Universidad Diego Portales
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Cogency
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0718-8285
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0719-9430
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En este artículo analizo el argumento epistémico a favor de la paraconsistencia. En pocas palabras, este argumento plantea que un agente podría creer una contradicción sin estar necesariamente comprometido con toda oración, y que por eso deberíamos rechazar el principio lógico de Explosión. Aquí, describo las críticas hechas por Steinberger (2014), quien considera que el argumento es erróneo. Steinberger afirma que este argumento deja de funcionar cuando admitimos que la normatividad de la lógica es de “alcance amplio”, es decir, que siempre tenemos la opción de abandonar las premisas o aceptar la conclusión. En este artículo doy una respuesta a Steinberger, tomando en cuenta algunos conceptos normativos que fueron ignorados en esta discusión: el concepto de compromiso, y el concepto de permiso inferencial. Muestro que una vez que tomamos estas nociones en cuenta, el argumento epistémico a favor de la paraconsistencia vuelve a funcionar. Esto a se debe a que tanto el compromiso como los permisos inferenciales funcionan con “alcance estrecho”. Es decir, uno se compromete con ciertas creencias a partir de otras, y uno infiere ciertas oraciones a partir de otras. Si expresamos la normatividad de la lógica con estos conceptos, podemos volver a cuestionar el principio lógico de Explosión, ya que no es razonable que creer una contradicción nos comprometa con toda oración, o sirva de base para inferir cualquier oración.
In this paper, I analyze the epistemic argument in favor of paraconsistency. In a nutshell, this argument claims that an agent might believe a contradiction without being necessarily committed to every sentence, and therefore one should reject the Explosion principle. Here, I describe the criticism made by Steinberger (2014), who considers that the argument is wrong. Steinberger claims that this argument becomes ineffective once we admit that the normativity of logic is “widescoped”, i.e., we can always choose between abandoning the premises or accepting the conclusion. In this paper I respond to Steinberger, by taking into account some normative concepts that have been mostly ignored so far in the discussion: the concept of commitment and the concept of basing permission. I show that if we take these notions into account, the epistemic argument in favor of paraconsistency works again. This follows from the fact that both commitment and basing permissions work in a “narrow-scoped” way, i.e., one is committed to some beliefs on the basis of other beliefs, and one infers some sentences on the basis of other sentences. If we express the normativity of logic with these concepts, we can challenge the logical principle of Explosion. For it is not reasonable to be committed to every sentence, or to infer every sentence, on the basis of believing a contradiction.
In this paper, I analyze the epistemic argument in favor of paraconsistency. In a nutshell, this argument claims that an agent might believe a contradiction without being necessarily committed to every sentence, and therefore one should reject the Explosion principle. Here, I describe the criticism made by Steinberger (2014), who considers that the argument is wrong. Steinberger claims that this argument becomes ineffective once we admit that the normativity of logic is “widescoped”, i.e., we can always choose between abandoning the premises or accepting the conclusion. In this paper I respond to Steinberger, by taking into account some normative concepts that have been mostly ignored so far in the discussion: the concept of commitment and the concept of basing permission. I show that if we take these notions into account, the epistemic argument in favor of paraconsistency works again. This follows from the fact that both commitment and basing permissions work in a “narrow-scoped” way, i.e., one is committed to some beliefs on the basis of other beliefs, and one infers some sentences on the basis of other sentences. If we express the normativity of logic with these concepts, we can challenge the logical principle of Explosion. For it is not reasonable to be committed to every sentence, or to infer every sentence, on the basis of believing a contradiction.
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