Análisis del comportamiento térmico de un sistema de acumulación de calor por cambio de fase para calefacción de viviendas
; Hernández, Alejandro Luis 
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Fecha
06/2025
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Ambiente
Revista
Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente
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eISSN
2684-0073
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Español
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Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo y caracterización experimental de un prototipo de acumulador térmico utilizando materiales de cambio de fase (PCM) para su integración en un sistema de calefacción solar. Se utilizaron tres tipos de PCMs: grasa vacuna, cera de soja y estearina encapsulados en latas de aluminio recicladas con aletas metálicas y una capacidad teórica de almacenamiento de 16 MJ (60 Kg de PCM en total). Se registraron los perfiles de temperatura durante ciclos de carga y descarga. Se caracterizaron los rangos de temperaturas de fusión y solidificación de cada PCM, el fenómeno de subenfriamiento y los gradientes térmicos dentro del acumulador. Durante la carga, se determinaron eficiencias entre 10-30% dependiendo de las condiciones ambientales. En la descarga, se lograron mantener temperaturas de salida de aire superiores a 30°C por 5-8 horas. El sistema de calefacción logró mantener confortable un prototipo de vivienda por 7 días seguido.
This work presents the development and experimental characterization of a thermal storage prototype using phase change materials (PCM) for integration into a solar heating system. Three types of PCMs were utilized: beef fat, soybean wax, and stearin, encapsulated in recycled aluminum cans with metal fins, with a theoretical storage capacity of 16 MJ (a total of 60 kg of PCM). Temperature profiles were recorded during the charging and discharging cycles. The melting and solidification temperature ranges of each PCM, the subcooling phenomenon, and thermal gradients within the accumulator were characterized. During the charging phase, efficiencies between 10-30% were determined, depending on environmental conditions. During discharge, air outlet temperatures above 30°C were maintained for 5-8 hours. The heating system successfully kept a housing prototype comfortable for seven consecutive days.
This work presents the development and experimental characterization of a thermal storage prototype using phase change materials (PCM) for integration into a solar heating system. Three types of PCMs were utilized: beef fat, soybean wax, and stearin, encapsulated in recycled aluminum cans with metal fins, with a theoretical storage capacity of 16 MJ (a total of 60 kg of PCM). Temperature profiles were recorded during the charging and discharging cycles. The melting and solidification temperature ranges of each PCM, the subcooling phenomenon, and thermal gradients within the accumulator were characterized. During the charging phase, efficiencies between 10-30% were determined, depending on environmental conditions. During discharge, air outlet temperatures above 30°C were maintained for 5-8 hours. The heating system successfully kept a housing prototype comfortable for seven consecutive days.
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