El trastorno somatotímico: Abordaje del trastorno depresivo en las enfermedades crónicas
; Koslowski, Paola ; Malleza, Sebastián Otros responsables
Fecha
05/2025
Editorial
Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica
Revista
Salud I Ciencia
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ISSN
1667-8990
eISSN
1667-8982
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Español
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Resumen
Introducción: En pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DBT2), la depresión tiene características clínicas que muchas veces no se ajustan a los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-5, lo que contribuye a su subdiagnóstico y a una evolución desfavorable. Este trabajo propone una nueva enfermedad clínica, el trastorno somatotímico (TST), para describir este perfil psicopatológico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y de observación, basado en datos secundarios de 2 investigaciones previas (una realizada en un único centro y otra, multicéntrica, efectuada en la Argentina), con una muestra de 74 pacientes con DBT2 y síntomas depresivos. Se utilizaron escalas clínicas validadas (MINI, Beck, Hamilton, TAS-26) y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se analizaron las diferencias entre los pacientes con trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) y aquellos con depresión menor. Resultados: El 62.16% de los pacientes no cumplió con los criterios diagnósticos para TDM. Este grupo presentó puntajes significativamente menores en las escalas de Beck y Hamilton y puntajes más altos en alexitimia (p < 0.01). El grupo con depresión menor mostró síntomas atenuados y solapados, como irritabilidad, insomnio, disminución de la energía, menor expresión emocional y dificultades en la identificación y la verbalización de los sentimientos. Discusión: A partir de los hallazgos, se propone al TST como un constructo clínico que describe cuadros depresivos subumbrales en pacientes con DBT2. Aunque esta enfermedad no se incluye en las clasificaciones actuales, su conceptualización podría abrir nuevas líneas de investigación clínica y psicopatológica para una mejor comprensión de estos síntomas. Conclusiones: El reconocimiento del TST permitiría avanzar hacia un enfoque psicosomático más integrador, orientado a la detección y el tratamiento de los síntomas emocionales de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas.
Introduction: Depression in patients with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DBT2) often present with clinical features that do not align with the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5, contributing to underdiagnosis and poorer clinical outcomes. This study proposes a new clinical entity, somato-thymic disorder (STD), to describe this psychopathological profile. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using secondary data from 2 previous investigations (one unicentric and the other multicentric in Argentina), including a sample of 74 DBT2 patients with depressive symptoms. Validated clinical scales (MINI, Beck, Hamilton, TAS-26) and semi-structured clinical interviews were used. Patients were grouped into major depressive disorder (MDD) and subthreshold depression for comparison. Results: 62.16% of patients did not meet criteria for MDD. These individuals showed significantly lower scores on the Beck and Hamilton scales and higher scores on alexithymia (p < 0.01). The subthreshold group exhibited attenuated and overlapping symptoms, such as irritability, insomnia, reduced energy, limited emotional expression, and difficulty identifying and verbalizing emotions. Discussion: Based on these findings, the STD is proposed as a clinical construct that characterizes subsyndromal depressive presentations in DBT2 patients. Although this entity is not included in current diagnostic classifications, its conceptualization could open new clinical and psychopathological research ways to better understand these cases. Conclusions: Recognition of STD may contribute to the development of a more integrative psychosomatic approach focused on the detection and management of emotional symptoms in patients with chronic medical conditions.
Introduction: Depression in patients with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DBT2) often present with clinical features that do not align with the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5, contributing to underdiagnosis and poorer clinical outcomes. This study proposes a new clinical entity, somato-thymic disorder (STD), to describe this psychopathological profile. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using secondary data from 2 previous investigations (one unicentric and the other multicentric in Argentina), including a sample of 74 DBT2 patients with depressive symptoms. Validated clinical scales (MINI, Beck, Hamilton, TAS-26) and semi-structured clinical interviews were used. Patients were grouped into major depressive disorder (MDD) and subthreshold depression for comparison. Results: 62.16% of patients did not meet criteria for MDD. These individuals showed significantly lower scores on the Beck and Hamilton scales and higher scores on alexithymia (p < 0.01). The subthreshold group exhibited attenuated and overlapping symptoms, such as irritability, insomnia, reduced energy, limited emotional expression, and difficulty identifying and verbalizing emotions. Discussion: Based on these findings, the STD is proposed as a clinical construct that characterizes subsyndromal depressive presentations in DBT2 patients. Although this entity is not included in current diagnostic classifications, its conceptualization could open new clinical and psychopathological research ways to better understand these cases. Conclusions: Recognition of STD may contribute to the development of a more integrative psychosomatic approach focused on the detection and management of emotional symptoms in patients with chronic medical conditions.
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