Puma (Puma concolor) modifications on medium-sized mammals: Can its taphonomic signature be differentiated from other South American carnivores?

Abstract

The aim of this article is to characterize the taphonomic signature of puma (Puma concolor) on non-ingested bone assemblages of medium-sized mammals. We conducted an experiment in a biopark where two captive pumas were fed ten European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The analysis of the remains showed a highly fragmented assemblage of skeletal remains, mainly dominated by skull fragments and complete distal bones of the limbs. The remains displayed a variety of tooth marks, with punctures ranging in size from 3 mm to 8 mm. We compared these results with similar experiments conducted with Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and Geoffroy´s cat (Leopardus geoffroyi). Only minor differences were noted, such as the range of mark sizes and the specimens´ medians. In conclusion, the three carnivores´ taphonomic signatures are very similar regarding medium-sized prey and non-ingested samples. Future analysis, including the study of ingested remains and pit measurements, will deepen our understanding of the potential differences.