Representaciones mentales, sistemas de memoria y discurso narrativo: efecto del tópico en la recuperación y relato de eventos en niños pequeños
; Borzone, Ana Maria
; Silva, María Luisa 
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Fecha
06/2010
Editorial
Sociedad de Neuropsicología de Argentina
Revista
Revista Argentina de Neuropsicología
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1668-5415
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Español
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Resumen
El presente estudio tiene por objeto comparar el desempeño de los niños en el relato de experiencias personales elicitadas a partir de dos tópicos diferentes. Uno de los tópicos, las lastimaduras, habilita la ocurrencia de experiencias personales en contextos de distintos guiones; el otro tópico, el miedo al irse a acostar, restringe el relato de un evento específico al marco de un guión particular. En el marco de la perspectiva teórica adoptada (Nelson, 1996), se espera que el desempeño de los niños varíe en relación con los tópicos. Veintitrés niños de cinco años participaron del estudio. Para el análisis de los narrativas se utilizaron las categorías desarrolladas por Fivush et al. (2003) para codificar la cantidad y tipo de información. La coherencia de los relatos se analizó siguiendo las categorías estructurales de Labov y Waletzky (1967). Los resultados mostraron que los niños no sólo fueron capaces de producir relatos sobre eventos específicos del pasado, sino que también sus habilidades discursivas variaban según el tópico y otros factores que inciden en el recuerdo y la narración. En efecto, en el tópico de la lastimadura, todos los niños produjeron un relato y la mayoría de éstos resultaron ser coherentes (83%). Sin embargo, en el tópico del miedo, sólo el 48% de los niños produjo relatos de experiencias personales y de éstos sólo el 26% fue coherente. Estas diferencias se explican en términos de las estructuras y operaciones cognitivas involucradas en la producción de relatos sobre las que el tópico muestra tener cierta incidencia.
The present study aims to compare children’s performance on reporting personal experiences elicited by two different topics. One of the topics, minnor injuries, enables the occurrence of personal experiences in different script’s contexts; the other topic, fear at night, restricts the account of a specific event within the framework of a particular script. Based on the theoretical perspective adopted, (Nelson, 1996), it might be assumed that children’s performance would vary from one topic to the other. Twenty-three five-years old children participated in the study. For the analysis of children’s reports the categories developed by Fivush et al. (2003) were used to code the amount and type of information. Coherence was analyzed with Labov and Waletzky´s (1967) structural categories for personal experiences. Results showed that children were not only able to produce stories about specific events of the past, but also their abilities seemed to vary according to the topic and other factors that affect memory and report. Indeed, in the topic of the injury, all children produced a narrative and most children reports were coherent (83%). However, in the topic of fear, only 48% of children produced a especific event’s report and only 26% of these narratives were coherent. These differences are explained in terms of structures and cognitive operations involved in the production of narratives over which topic seems to have some incidente.
The present study aims to compare children’s performance on reporting personal experiences elicited by two different topics. One of the topics, minnor injuries, enables the occurrence of personal experiences in different script’s contexts; the other topic, fear at night, restricts the account of a specific event within the framework of a particular script. Based on the theoretical perspective adopted, (Nelson, 1996), it might be assumed that children’s performance would vary from one topic to the other. Twenty-three five-years old children participated in the study. For the analysis of children’s reports the categories developed by Fivush et al. (2003) were used to code the amount and type of information. Coherence was analyzed with Labov and Waletzky´s (1967) structural categories for personal experiences. Results showed that children were not only able to produce stories about specific events of the past, but also their abilities seemed to vary according to the topic and other factors that affect memory and report. Indeed, in the topic of the injury, all children produced a narrative and most children reports were coherent (83%). However, in the topic of fear, only 48% of children produced a especific event’s report and only 26% of these narratives were coherent. These differences are explained in terms of structures and cognitive operations involved in the production of narratives over which topic seems to have some incidente.
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