Aimé Césaire y Tropiques: comienzos literarios en el Caribe francés

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Fecha
05/2012
Editorial
Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez
Revista
Literatura y Lingüística
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0717-621X
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Español
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Resumen
Este trabajo aborda los comienzos de Aimé Césaire en el contexto de fundación de un sistema literario en las Antillas francesas, concentrándose especialmente en su programa de literatura martiniqueña delineado a través de la revista Tropiques (1941-1945). Como proponemos, la carrera intelectual de Césaire y el proyecto efectivamente llevado a cabo por la revista son un índice de las posibilidades de desarrollo de una literatura martiniqueña tanto como de las dificultades a los que ésta (aún hoy) está sometida, resultantes de los intercambios asimétricos determinados por la lógica de los circuitos coloniales. En tal contexto, la acción y el apoyo de intelectuales e instituciones metropolitanas han sido cruciales. Fue, en efecto, fundamentalmente por la mediación de los surrealistas franceses como el grupo de Tropiques estableció una intercomunicación con movimientos y escritores latinoamericanos y antillanos. Y fue, a su vez, gracias al apoyo de figuras ‘faro’ como Sartre o Breton, como Césaire alcanzó prestigio y reconocimiento como poeta e intelectual.
This paper deals with Aimé Césaire's beginnings in the context of foundation of a literary system in the French Antilles, by especially focusing on his program of a Martinican literature as delineated in his review Tropiques (1941-1945). According to our reading, Césaire's intellectual career and the project actually carried out by the review are an example of the concrete possibilities of development of a Martinican literature as well as of the difficulties this faces (even today), resulting from asymmetrical exchanges determined by the logic of colonial circuits. In such context, the action and support offered by metropolitan institutions and intellectuals have been crucial. It was mainly due to the contacts established with the French surrealists that Tropiques started its intercommunication with Antillean and Latin American movements and writers. It was also thanks to key figures such as Sartre and Breton that Césaire achieved prestige and acknowledgement as a poet and intellectual.
This paper deals with Aimé Césaire's beginnings in the context of foundation of a literary system in the French Antilles, by especially focusing on his program of a Martinican literature as delineated in his review Tropiques (1941-1945). According to our reading, Césaire's intellectual career and the project actually carried out by the review are an example of the concrete possibilities of development of a Martinican literature as well as of the difficulties this faces (even today), resulting from asymmetrical exchanges determined by the logic of colonial circuits. In such context, the action and support offered by metropolitan institutions and intellectuals have been crucial. It was mainly due to the contacts established with the French surrealists that Tropiques started its intercommunication with Antillean and Latin American movements and writers. It was also thanks to key figures such as Sartre and Breton that Césaire achieved prestige and acknowledgement as a poet and intellectual.
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