Protección miocárdica por estimulación vagal en la injuria por isquemia y reperfusión en ratones
; Buchholz, Bruno
; Bernatene, Eduardo Alberto
; Méndez Diodati, Nahuel
; Casanova, Veronica Cecilia ; Cicale, Eliana Magalí ; Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge 
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Fecha
12/2016
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Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología
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Revista Argentina de Cardiología
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0034-7000
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Introducción: Previamente se demostraron beneficios de la estimulación vagal (EV) prolongada en el infarto de miocardio. No obstante, se desconocen los efectos y los mecanismos de protección cuando se aplica en forma selectiva y brevemente antes de la isquemia o al inicio de la reperfusión. Objetivo: Estudiar si la EV en la reperfusión reduce el tamaño del infarto de manera similar a la EV preisquémica y si en ambas la protección está mediada por receptores muscarínicos o nicotínicos. Material y métodos: En ratones FVB se realizó una isquemia miocárdica regional de 30 minutos y 2 horas de reperfusión sin EV (I/R), con EV preisquémica por 10 minutos (EVp), con EV preisquémica y bloqueo muscarínico con atropina y con EV preisquémica y bloqueo nicotínico a-7 con metilicaconitina. También se estudiaron los efectos de la EV al inicio de la reperfusión (EVr), con atropina y con metilicaconitina. Se cateterizó el ventrículo izquierdo para medir la función ventricular. Se midió el área de riesgo con azul de Evans y el área de infarto con cloruro de 2,3,5-trifeniltetrazolio. Resultados: La EVr redujo el tamaño del infarto de forma similar a la EVp, aunque los mecanismos de protección fueron diferentes. La EVp protegió a través de la activación colinérgica de los receptores muscarínicos. La EVr, en cambio, protegió por una vía colinérgica nicotínica a-7. Conclusión: El presente estudio demuestra por primera vez en un modelo de isquemia y reperfusión miocárdica en ratones que una EV breve de 10 minutos es capaz de reducir de manera similar el tamaño del infarto, tanto cuando se aplica previo a la isquemia como en el inicio de la reperfusión, mimetizando de esta manera al precondicionamiento y al poscondicionamiento isquémicos, respectivamente.
Background: The beneficial effects of prolonged vagal stimulation (VS) applied during myocardial infarction have been previously demonstrated. However, the effects and mechanisms of protection are unknown when VS is applied selectively and briefly before ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze whether VS applied during reperfusion is capable of reducing infarct size similarly to preischemic VS, and whether in both cases muscarinic or nicotinic receptors mediate the protection. Methods: FVB mice were subjected to 30-minute regional myocardial ischemia and 2-hour reperfusion without VS (I/R); with 10 minutes preischemic VS (pVS), with pVS and muscarinic blockade by atropine and with pVS and a-7 nicotinic blockade by methyllycaconitine. The effects of VS at the onset of reperfusion (rVS) were also studied with atropine and with methyllycaconitine. A left ventricular catheter was used to measure ventricular function. Area at risk was measured using Evans blue and infarct size was assessed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium. Results: Vagal stimulation during reperfusion reduced infarct size similarly to pVS, albeit with different mechanisms of protection. Preischemic VS protected the heart through cholinergic activation of muscarinic receptors, while rVS protection was effected through an a-7 cholinergic nicotinic pathway. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated for the first time in an ischemia-reperfusion mice model that a brief 10-minute period of VS is able to similarly reduce infarct size when it is applied prior to ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion, mimicking ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning, respectively.
Background: The beneficial effects of prolonged vagal stimulation (VS) applied during myocardial infarction have been previously demonstrated. However, the effects and mechanisms of protection are unknown when VS is applied selectively and briefly before ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze whether VS applied during reperfusion is capable of reducing infarct size similarly to preischemic VS, and whether in both cases muscarinic or nicotinic receptors mediate the protection. Methods: FVB mice were subjected to 30-minute regional myocardial ischemia and 2-hour reperfusion without VS (I/R); with 10 minutes preischemic VS (pVS), with pVS and muscarinic blockade by atropine and with pVS and a-7 nicotinic blockade by methyllycaconitine. The effects of VS at the onset of reperfusion (rVS) were also studied with atropine and with methyllycaconitine. A left ventricular catheter was used to measure ventricular function. Area at risk was measured using Evans blue and infarct size was assessed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium. Results: Vagal stimulation during reperfusion reduced infarct size similarly to pVS, albeit with different mechanisms of protection. Preischemic VS protected the heart through cholinergic activation of muscarinic receptors, while rVS protection was effected through an a-7 cholinergic nicotinic pathway. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated for the first time in an ischemia-reperfusion mice model that a brief 10-minute period of VS is able to similarly reduce infarct size when it is applied prior to ischemia or at the onset of reperfusion, mimicking ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning, respectively.
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