Assessment of exposure to metals, As and Se in water and sediment of a freshwater reservoir and their bioaccumulation in fish species of different feeding and habitat preferences

Abstract

The concentrations of metals (Ag, Al, Ba, B, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, U, V, Zn), As and Se were analyzed in water and sediments from three sites of Río Tercero Reservoir (Córdoba, Argentina) during the wet and the dry season. The dynamics of metals in six fish species (Hoplias malabaricus, Oligosarcus jenynsii, Rhamdia quelen, Bryconamericus iheringii, Astyanax fasciatus and Odontesthes bonariensis) from the reservoir were investigated to discover the possible differential influence of habitat and diet on metal accumulation in the fish. In the abiotic matrix, the highest heavy metal concentrations were observed in sediment. The concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb in water exceeded the limits considered as hazardous for aquatic life. Potential ecological risk analysis of metal concentrations in sediment indicated a low ecological risk in Río Tercero Reservoir in all sampling periods. The enrichment factor indicated that Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg come from anthropogenic sources. Among five different organs, the highest metal levels were found in gills and intestine. Rhamdia quelen and Oligosarcus jenynsii were the species with the highest values of metal accumulation in the whole body. Our study showed that the accumulation pattern of these multi-elements in the different fish species did not respond to diet or habitat, but seemed to be related to the detoxification mechanisms and the metabolism of each organism.