El centauro moribundo. Populismo, gaitanismo y violencia política en Colombia (1944-1948)

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06/2016
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Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco
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2250-5369
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Dentro de un amplio marco de análisis sobre las identidades políticas y su constitución en torno a la tensión entre plebs y populus, los estudios actuales sobre el populismo han permitido caracterizarlo como una lógica identitaria particularmente inestable. En este sentido, coincidimos en entender al discurso populista como uno minado por su rompimiento originario, debido a su particular oscilación entre orden y ruptura propia de su campo solidario. Creemos ver también en dicha oscilación un control efectivo pero frágil del latente despliegue violento o total de este tipo de identidades. Para falsar lo anterior, tomamos al gaitanismo colombiano de mediados de siglo XX en cuanto identidad popular que buscó establecerse como “dique” inestable frente a la violencia política –preliminarmente comprendida como la eliminación física del adversario y rasgo preponderante en la configuración de identidades políticas en Colombia–. Ahondaremos en la apropiación específica de algunos significantes de la tradición democrática liberal por parte del movimiento gaitanista en su pretensión por domesticar su huella violenta constitutiva. Finalmente, proponemos que la figura de “dique” inestable frente a la violencia es un rasgo a tener en cuenta para una posible caracterización de los movimientos populistas de la región latinoamericana.
Within a wide frame of analysis about political identities and their formation around the tension between plebs and populus, the current studies about populism have let it be characterized as a particularly unstable identity logic. In this sense, we agree to approach the populist discourse as one that is undermined by its initial breaking, due to its particular oscillation -typical of its solidary fieldbetween order and rupture. We also believe to notice in said oscillation an effective −though fragile− control of the latent violent or total display of this type of identities. To demonstrate that hypothesis, we broach the Colombian gaitanism from mid-20th century considering it a popular identity that looked for its establishment as an unstable “dike” towards the political violence –initially understood as the physical elimination of the adversary as well as main trait in the configuration of political identities in Colombia-. We will deepen in the specific appropriation by the gaitanist movement of some signifiers from the liberal democratic tradition as part of its ambition to domesticate its constitutive violent trace. Finally, we propose that the unstable “dike” towards violence notion is a trait to be taken into account for a possible characterization of the populist movements of the Latin American region.
Within a wide frame of analysis about political identities and their formation around the tension between plebs and populus, the current studies about populism have let it be characterized as a particularly unstable identity logic. In this sense, we agree to approach the populist discourse as one that is undermined by its initial breaking, due to its particular oscillation -typical of its solidary fieldbetween order and rupture. We also believe to notice in said oscillation an effective −though fragile− control of the latent violent or total display of this type of identities. To demonstrate that hypothesis, we broach the Colombian gaitanism from mid-20th century considering it a popular identity that looked for its establishment as an unstable “dike” towards the political violence –initially understood as the physical elimination of the adversary as well as main trait in the configuration of political identities in Colombia-. We will deepen in the specific appropriation by the gaitanist movement of some signifiers from the liberal democratic tradition as part of its ambition to domesticate its constitutive violent trace. Finally, we propose that the unstable “dike” towards violence notion is a trait to be taken into account for a possible characterization of the populist movements of the Latin American region.
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