El aprendizaje cooperativo y su valor social: Antecedentes en la historia de la educación argentina desde la colonia hasta fines del siglo XIX

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07/2020
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Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias en Educación. Grupo de Investigaciones en Educación y Estudios Culturales
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2422-6459
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El aprendizaje cooperativo es una metodología de enseñanza basada en la conformación de grupos mixtos y heterogéneos, donde los estudiantes trabajan conjuntamente para resolver tareas académicas y complejizar sus propios aprendizajes. De esta manera adquieren, además de saberes, competencias y habilidades sociales. Esta metodología hoy es parte de una política educativa que no podría prescindir de ella, sin embargo, como todo modelo científico, tuvo que romper con una serie de estructuras pedagógicas preexistentes consideradas como “ciencia normal” que impedían el surgimiento de un nuevo paradigma pedagógico-social. El propósito de esta investigación es realizar un estudio documental del modelo cooperativo a través de la historia de la educación argentina, sus políticas, reglamentaciones, precursores y enfoques pedagógicos con el objeto de brindar una mirada original de la evolución de la pedagogía en nuestro país y sentar las bases académicas para futuras investigaciones sobre el tema. El aporte, si bien es histórico, también pretende hacer reflexionar al lector sobre el trabajo denodado de los pedagogos de antaño que lograron vislumbrar algo maravilloso sin las herramientas apropiadas porque, como dice Thomas Kuhn (1971): “No se comparan las opiniones de Galileo con las actuales sino con las de sus contemporáneos”.
Cooperative learning is a teaching methodology based on the formation of mixed and heterogeneous groups, where students work together to solve academic tasks and make their own learning more complex. In this way they acquire, in addition to knowledge, social skills and competences. This methodology today is part of an educational policy that could not do without it, however, like any scientific model, it had to break with a series of pre-existing pedagogical structures considered as "normal science" that prevented the emergence of a new pedagogical paradigm- Social. The purpose of this research is to carry out a documentary study of the cooperative model through the history of Argentine education, its policies, regulations, precursors and pedagogical approaches in order to provide an original look at the evolution of pedagogy in our country and lay the academic foundations for future research on the subject. The contribution, although historical, also aims to make the reader reflect on the hard work of the pedagogues of yesteryear who managed to glimpse something wonderful without the appropriate tools because, as Thomas Kuhn (1971) says: “Galileo's views should not be compared with those of today, but should be compared with those of his contemporaries".
Cooperative learning is a teaching methodology based on the formation of mixed and heterogeneous groups, where students work together to solve academic tasks and make their own learning more complex. In this way they acquire, in addition to knowledge, social skills and competences. This methodology today is part of an educational policy that could not do without it, however, like any scientific model, it had to break with a series of pre-existing pedagogical structures considered as "normal science" that prevented the emergence of a new pedagogical paradigm- Social. The purpose of this research is to carry out a documentary study of the cooperative model through the history of Argentine education, its policies, regulations, precursors and pedagogical approaches in order to provide an original look at the evolution of pedagogy in our country and lay the academic foundations for future research on the subject. The contribution, although historical, also aims to make the reader reflect on the hard work of the pedagogues of yesteryear who managed to glimpse something wonderful without the appropriate tools because, as Thomas Kuhn (1971) says: “Galileo's views should not be compared with those of today, but should be compared with those of his contemporaries".
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