Multiple response optimization of a QuEChERS extraction and HPLC analysis of diclazuril, nicarbazin and lasalocid in chicken liver

Abstract

A method for the simultaneous determination of three commonly used coccidiostats in chicken liver was developed, comprising a multi-residue QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) extraction step, and a liquid chromatography-ultra violet-fluorescence (HPLC-UV/FL) analysis. The QuEChERS extraction was optimized using an experimental design approach that includes a screening step to obtain the critical variables, an optimization step using multiple response surface analysis and the calculation of a desirability parameter. The optimized method was validated with fortified samples, reaching an average recovery of 91% and an overall precision of 5.5% (mean of three analytes at three levels). Limits of detection calculated on fortified samples were 20 µg kg−1 for lasalocid, 15 µg kg−1 for nicarbazin and 120 µg kg−1 for diclazuril. These values resulted at least one order of magnitude lower than the maximum allowed residue limit (MRL) of the studied coccidiostats for chicken liver.