Educación común universal y obligatoria en los Territorios Nacionales: Un mandato sin recursos suficientes (Argentina, 1884-1900)

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Fecha
08/2024
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Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Revista
Cadernos de História da Educação
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1982-7806
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La creación de escuelas y la edificación en los Territorios Nacionales, como en otras jurisdicciones, fue una de las principales demandas a las que debió responder el Consejo Nacional de Educación (CNE) a finales del siglo XIX, en tanto que para exigir la obligatoriedad escolar debe garantizarse el acceso a las mismas. Tratándose de vastas regiones, con poblaciones dispersas y con una composición social heterogénea, el requisito poblacional dictaminado por la Ley Nº 1420 supuso una franca contradicción con el contexto de aplicación en las gobernaciones. Sin embargo, la escuela debía crearse por doquier, pero el mandato no se correspondía con los recursos asignados que, sin ser pocos, eran insuficientes. En este trabajo nos proponemos reconstruir los diagnósticos y la institucionalización que fueron dando nitidez a las políticas estatales vinculadas a la escolarización de la educación común universal y obligatoria en los Territorios Nacionales (1884-1900).A tal fin empleamos en forma combinada metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas que nos permiten realizar análisis en diferentes escalas: microhistórico para comprender la dinámica del CNE y las experiencias locales, y más global para describir las políticas educativas y sus relaciones con los actores sociales.
The creation and building of schools in the National Territories, as well as in other jurisdictions, was one of the main requests that the National Council of Education (CNE) had to respond to by the end of the 19th century, as ensuring access to schools was necessary to demand compulsory education. Given the vast and scattered population with heterogeneous social compositions, the population requirement dictated by Law No. 1420 represented a clear contradiction with the context of application in the local goverments. Schools had to be created everywhere, but the request was not aligned with the allocated resources, which, although not being scarce, were insufficient. In this paper, we propose to reconstruct the diagnoses and institutionalization that gave clarity to state policies related to the universal and compulsory schooling of common education in the National Territories (1884-1900). To this end, we use combined approach of qualitative and quantitative methodologies that allow us to carry out analyzes on different scales: microhistorical to understand the dynamics of the CNE and local experiences, and more global to describe educational policies and their relationships with social actors.
The creation and building of schools in the National Territories, as well as in other jurisdictions, was one of the main requests that the National Council of Education (CNE) had to respond to by the end of the 19th century, as ensuring access to schools was necessary to demand compulsory education. Given the vast and scattered population with heterogeneous social compositions, the population requirement dictated by Law No. 1420 represented a clear contradiction with the context of application in the local goverments. Schools had to be created everywhere, but the request was not aligned with the allocated resources, which, although not being scarce, were insufficient. In this paper, we propose to reconstruct the diagnoses and institutionalization that gave clarity to state policies related to the universal and compulsory schooling of common education in the National Territories (1884-1900). To this end, we use combined approach of qualitative and quantitative methodologies that allow us to carry out analyzes on different scales: microhistorical to understand the dynamics of the CNE and local experiences, and more global to describe educational policies and their relationships with social actors.
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