Diferenciación de camélidos en la región Chaco-Santiagueña (Argentina) para el período Agroalfarero (350-1550 dC)

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Fecha
02/2020
Editorial
Cambridge University Press
Revista
Latin American Antiquity
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ISSN
1045-6635
eISSN
2325-5080
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Español
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Resumen
Los camélidos sudamericanos han sido uno de los recursos de mayor importancia desde la llegada de los primeros humanos al continente, registrándose su domesticación para los Andes centro-sur alrededor de 4400-3000 aP. Las investigaciones realizadas en la región Chaco-Santiagueña para la etapa Agroalfarera (350 dC hasta la conquista española en el siglo dieciséis) en su mayoría han interpretado la presencia o ausencia de la especie doméstica de camélidos Lama glama a partir de fuentes etnohistóricas o por consideraciones eto-ecológicas. Sin embargo, con el avance de los estudios zooarqueológicos en la región, asignamos por técnicas osteométricas y análisis estadísticos multivariados especímenes al taxón L. glama para un sitio Agroalfarero tardío (ca. 1200-1500 dC). En este trabajo se incorporan sitios de toda la secuencia Agroalfarera y de distintas zonas geográficas de la región Chaco-Santiagueña con el fin de diferenciar especies de camélidos. A partir de los resultados se interpreta el posible uso de camélidos silvestres y domesticados en la región desde los primeros grupos sedentarios. El uso de llamas podría haber sido una herramienta importante para el establecimiento de redes de interacción social a grandes distancias.
Since the first arrival of humans to the South American continent, camelids have been one of the most important exploited resources. The archaeological record indicates that the process of domestication in the south-central Andes began around 4400–3000 BP. Research within the Chaco-Santiagueña region, classically considered marginal to or influenced by Andean populations, has largely been focused on the Agro-Pottery stage (AD 350 to until the sixteenth century). The majority of researchers working in the region have interpreted the presence or absence of domestic camelids (Lama glama) from ethnohistorical sources or from ethological-ecological considerations. Given recent advances in zooarchaeological studies at a late Agro-Pottery archaeological site (ca. AD 1200–1500), we were able to identify the presence of L. glama specimens by analyzing osteometric data of proximal phalanges using multivariate statistical methods. This research incorporates sites from the entire Agro-Pottery sequence and from different geographical areas of the Chaco-Santiagueña region in order to differentiate camelid species. Based on these results, we argue that the use of both wild and domestic camelids was a common practice since the earliest occupation of the region by sedentary groups. Camelids may also have been an important tool for the creation and maintenance of long-distance social networks.
Since the first arrival of humans to the South American continent, camelids have been one of the most important exploited resources. The archaeological record indicates that the process of domestication in the south-central Andes began around 4400–3000 BP. Research within the Chaco-Santiagueña region, classically considered marginal to or influenced by Andean populations, has largely been focused on the Agro-Pottery stage (AD 350 to until the sixteenth century). The majority of researchers working in the region have interpreted the presence or absence of domestic camelids (Lama glama) from ethnohistorical sources or from ethological-ecological considerations. Given recent advances in zooarchaeological studies at a late Agro-Pottery archaeological site (ca. AD 1200–1500), we were able to identify the presence of L. glama specimens by analyzing osteometric data of proximal phalanges using multivariate statistical methods. This research incorporates sites from the entire Agro-Pottery sequence and from different geographical areas of the Chaco-Santiagueña region in order to differentiate camelid species. Based on these results, we argue that the use of both wild and domestic camelids was a common practice since the earliest occupation of the region by sedentary groups. Camelids may also have been an important tool for the creation and maintenance of long-distance social networks.
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