Procesos de comunalización y territorialización indígena: disputas, rupturas y alianzas en el caso huarpe (centro-oeste argentino)

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12/2012
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Universidad de Playa Ancha
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Cuadernos interculturales
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0718-0586
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A finales de la década de 1990 se conformaron once comunidades Huarpe Milcallac en el noreste de Mendoza-Argentina; provincia que construyó su identidad como libre de indígenas. El proceso de comunalización e institucionalización de las mismas implicó, entre otras cosas, definir quiénes formaban parte de las comunidades, qué se entendía por comunidad y qué criterios se utilizarían para delimitar los territorios étnicos. En este proceso intervinieron tanto los pobladores como también funcionarios estatales, sectores de la iglesia y académicos. Focalizándonos en una de las comunidades, analizamos los criterios de comunalización y territorialización sobre la base de tres hipótesis. La primera considera que el planteo de identidad étnica a partir de parámetros espaciales dejó afuera a quienes se consideraban como indígenas pero no vivían en la zona demarcada como tal. La segunda hipótesis se refiere a que la delimitación del territorio se presentaba como un disparador de las disputas por obtener el control del proceso de comunalización y de los criterios que las comunidades adoptaban para administrar sus recursos. La última hipótesis concibe que la continuidad de ciertas discusiones irresueltas e influenciadas por actores externos ayudaron a impulsar un proceso adverso al de comunalización llevando a la crisis del propio sentimiento de unidad y pertenencia étnica.
At the end of 1990s, there were formed eleven Huarpe Milcallac Communities, in northeastern Mendoza-Argentina; Province that built its identity without indegenous people. The communalization and territorialization process of these communities ínvolved, in other thíngs, defining who belonged to the communitíes, what meant community and what criteria were used to define ethnic territories. In this process were involved both the residents as well as government offícíals, segments ofthe church and ofthe academia. By focusing on one ofthe communities, we analyze the view of communalization and territorialization on the basis of three hypotheses. The first one believes that the posing of ethnic identity based on spatial parameters, dídn't include the ones who were considered themselves índígenous, but did not live in the area delineated as indigenous. The second one conceives that the delimitation of territory was presented as a trigger for disputes to obtain the control over the communalization process and the criteria that communities adopt to manage their resources. The last hypotheses, conceives that the continuity of certain unsolved discussions influenced by external actors, helped to push an adversarial process in the construction of community causing a crisis in the feeling of unity and ethnic belonging.
At the end of 1990s, there were formed eleven Huarpe Milcallac Communities, in northeastern Mendoza-Argentina; Province that built its identity without indegenous people. The communalization and territorialization process of these communities ínvolved, in other thíngs, defining who belonged to the communitíes, what meant community and what criteria were used to define ethnic territories. In this process were involved both the residents as well as government offícíals, segments ofthe church and ofthe academia. By focusing on one ofthe communities, we analyze the view of communalization and territorialization on the basis of three hypotheses. The first one believes that the posing of ethnic identity based on spatial parameters, dídn't include the ones who were considered themselves índígenous, but did not live in the area delineated as indigenous. The second one conceives that the delimitation of territory was presented as a trigger for disputes to obtain the control over the communalization process and the criteria that communities adopt to manage their resources. The last hypotheses, conceives that the continuity of certain unsolved discussions influenced by external actors, helped to push an adversarial process in the construction of community causing a crisis in the feeling of unity and ethnic belonging.
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