Sistemas silvopastoriles en bosques de Nothofagus antarctica: revisión del conocimiento actual en Patagonia Sur, Argentina

Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2011
Editorial
Instituto Forestal de Chile
Revista
Ciencia & Investigación Forestal
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ISSN
0718-4646
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Español
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Resumen
Los sistemas silvopastoriles, que combinan en una misma unidad de superficie árboles con pasturas o pastizales bajo pastoreo con ganado, son una alternativa productiva en la región Patagónica, y podrían constituir una actividad ecológica, social y económicamente viable. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar la información generada en Patagonia sobre los sistemas silvopastoriles en bosques nativos de ñire (Nothofagus antarctica) con pastizales naturales y, en menor medida, con introducción de pasturas. Se presenta información productiva respecto a sus tres principales componentes; silvicultura y producción del componente arbóreo, producción forrajera del sotobosque y producción y manejo animal. Además, se resaltan los avances en los estudios de ecofisiología (nutrientes, fijación de carbono) y pautas para la conservación del ñirantal bajo uso silvopastoril. Se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de estos sistemas, principalmente en la producción y calidad del componente forrajero e interacciones con el estrato arbóreo. Sin embargo, resta profundizar aspectos relacionados al manejo animal a escala de establecimiento durante todo un ciclo productivo, fortalecer la factibilidad de instalación de industrias primarias o secundarias alternativas para aumentar el valor agregado de los productos madereros y, en el caso de los sistemas silvopastoriles en bosque nativo, son necesarios futuros estudios que tengan en cuenta el impacto a nivel paisaje y la conectividad para la vida silvestre a escala regional.
Silvopastoral systems, that combine trees and grasslands or pastures under grazing in the same unit of land, would be an economical, ecological and social productive alternative in Patagonia. Therefore, the aim of this work is to review the available information related to silvopastoral systems in Patagonia in Nothofagus antarctica native forest mainly with natural understorey as a forage resource and in less extent with introduced pastures. Information about silviculture and timber production, understorey forage production and livestock management and production are provided. Also, other aspects of silvopastoral systems such as ecophysiology studies (nutrients and carbon fi xation) and conservation information are outlined in this work. There are advances in knowledge related mainly to quality and production of the understorey component interacting with tree strata. However, research on sheep and cattle production at farm level over a year, the improve of primary and secondary timber industry that incorporate value to the harvested wood, and further studies that incorporate the impact on landscape and fauna connectivity at regional level, are needed. Integrated economical information and social aspects of silvopastoral systems in the region also are important to be developed.
Silvopastoral systems, that combine trees and grasslands or pastures under grazing in the same unit of land, would be an economical, ecological and social productive alternative in Patagonia. Therefore, the aim of this work is to review the available information related to silvopastoral systems in Patagonia in Nothofagus antarctica native forest mainly with natural understorey as a forage resource and in less extent with introduced pastures. Information about silviculture and timber production, understorey forage production and livestock management and production are provided. Also, other aspects of silvopastoral systems such as ecophysiology studies (nutrients and carbon fi xation) and conservation information are outlined in this work. There are advances in knowledge related mainly to quality and production of the understorey component interacting with tree strata. However, research on sheep and cattle production at farm level over a year, the improve of primary and secondary timber industry that incorporate value to the harvested wood, and further studies that incorporate the impact on landscape and fauna connectivity at regional level, are needed. Integrated economical information and social aspects of silvopastoral systems in the region also are important to be developed.
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