Lactato en líquido cefalorraquídeo como marcador temprano de meningitis bacteriana postneuroquirúrgica: propuesta de un nuevo punto de corte y análisis de la literatura

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12/2024
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Sociedad Argentina de Neurocirugía
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Revista Argentina de Neurocirugía
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1850-1532
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Introducción: la meningitis bacteriana postneuroquirúrgica (MBPN) presenta alta mortalidad. El diagnóstico rápido es esencial.El método de referencia es el cultivo del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), pero requiere tiempo, utilizándose antibióticos empíricosinnecesarios, es importante evaluar otros parámetros que permitan una detección temprana.Objetivos: evaluar la utilidad del lactato en LCR como marcador temprano de MBPN, determinar su punto de corte en nuestrapoblación y correlacionar valores de lactato con proteinorraquia y células/mm3Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo. Se determinó lactato, proteinorraquia, células, glucorraquia y cultivo.Categorización en tres grupos: MBPN confirmada (C), MBPN presuntiva (P) y MBPN negativa (N). Se utilizó test de MannWhitney para comparar medianas. Agrupamos MBPN C con MBPN P y realizamos curvas ROC para determinar el punto decorte. Para el análisis de correlación, calculamos el coeficiente de Spearman entre lactato versus células/mm3 y lactato versus proteinorraquia.Resultados: observamos diferencia significativa en la mediana del lactato de MBPN C y de MBPN P respecto de MBPN N. No así entre MBPN C y MBPN P. El área bajo la curva ROC fue: 0.901. El punto de corte más elevado para lactato en este contexto fue de 4.85 mmol/L, con sensibilidad de 76.9% y especificidad de 95.0%. El lactato correlacionó positivamente con las células/mm3 y la proteinorraquia.Conclusión: proponemos un nuevo punto de corte para lactato en LCR de 4.85 mmol/L para el diagnóstico temprano de MBPN. La correlación del lactato con células/mm3 y con la proteinorraquia para dicho diagnóstico resultó positiva en forma estadísticamente significativa.
Background: post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) has a high mortality rate. Rapid diagnosis is essential. The gold standard is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, but it takes time, and unnecessary empirical antibiotics are used. It is important to evaluate other parameters that facilitate early detection. Objectives: to assess the utility of CSF lactate as an early marker of PNBM, to establish its cut-off point in our population, and to correlate lactate levels with protein and cells/mm3 . Methods: retrospective study. Lactate, protein, cells, glycorrhachia, and culture were studied. Categorization into three groups: confirmed PNBM (C), presumptive PNBM (P), and negative PNBM (N). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare medians. We grouped PNBM C with PNBM P and performed ROC curves to determine the cut-off point. For the correlation analysis, we calculated the Spearman coefficient between lactate versus cells/mm3 and lactate versus proteinorrachia. Results: we observed a significant difference in the median lactate of PNBM C and PNBM P compared to PNBM N. This was not the case between PNBM C and PNBM P. The area under the ROC curve was: 0.901. The highest cut-off point for lactate in this context was 4.85 mmol/L, with sensitivity: 76.9% and specificity: 95%. Lactate correlated positively with cells/mm3 and proteinorrachia. Conclusion: a new cut-off point for CSF lactate of 4.85 mmol/L was established for the early diagnosis of PNBM. Additionally, the correlation analysis of lactate with cell counts and proteinorrachia was positive and statistically significant for PNBM.
Background: post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) has a high mortality rate. Rapid diagnosis is essential. The gold standard is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, but it takes time, and unnecessary empirical antibiotics are used. It is important to evaluate other parameters that facilitate early detection. Objectives: to assess the utility of CSF lactate as an early marker of PNBM, to establish its cut-off point in our population, and to correlate lactate levels with protein and cells/mm3 . Methods: retrospective study. Lactate, protein, cells, glycorrhachia, and culture were studied. Categorization into three groups: confirmed PNBM (C), presumptive PNBM (P), and negative PNBM (N). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare medians. We grouped PNBM C with PNBM P and performed ROC curves to determine the cut-off point. For the correlation analysis, we calculated the Spearman coefficient between lactate versus cells/mm3 and lactate versus proteinorrachia. Results: we observed a significant difference in the median lactate of PNBM C and PNBM P compared to PNBM N. This was not the case between PNBM C and PNBM P. The area under the ROC curve was: 0.901. The highest cut-off point for lactate in this context was 4.85 mmol/L, with sensitivity: 76.9% and specificity: 95%. Lactate correlated positively with cells/mm3 and proteinorrachia. Conclusion: a new cut-off point for CSF lactate of 4.85 mmol/L was established for the early diagnosis of PNBM. Additionally, the correlation analysis of lactate with cell counts and proteinorrachia was positive and statistically significant for PNBM.
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