Sobre los linajes y la individualidad: Acerca de Linajes: Esas cosas que evolucionan, de Gustavo Caponi

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Fecha
11/2025
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico
Revista
Análisis Filosófico
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0326-1301
eISSN
1851-9636
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Resumen
El libro Linajes: Esas cosas que evolucionan de Gustavo Caponi tiene como meta general defender la tesis del individualismo taxonómico, según la cual los taxones biológicos deben ser pensados como individuos y no como clases naturales. Es decir, términos como Panthera leo son nombres propios que designan entidades particulares (linajes) que tienen partes, en lugar de términos que designan clases naturales que tienen instancias. Para ello, se embarca en una serie de tareas de diferente índole, que van desde la búsqueda de definiciones de términos como “especie”, “linaje” y “reproducción” para clarificar el contenido de la tesis, hasta la defensa de esta tesis frente a objeciones comunes. En la presente nota crítica hago una breve introducción a la tesis de la individualidad para luego centrarme y criticar cuatro aspectos del contenido del libro. Estos son (1) la constante búsqueda de definiciones como antitética con el espíritu metateórico que Caponi dice adoptar; (2) su defensa de la imagen del árbol de la vida frente a fenómenos como la hibridación y la simbiogénesis, que obligarían a utilizar redes; (3) su idea original según la cual los linajes tienen una ubicación temporal pero no espacial; y (4) su asimilación de las adaptaciones (como explananda de la teoría de la selección natural) con los caracteres utilizados en la sistemática contemporánea.
The book Linajes: Esas cosas que evolucionan by Gustavo Caponi has the overarching goal of defending the thesis of taxonomic individualism, according to which biological taxa should be thought of as individuals and not as natural classes. That is, terms such as Panthera leo are proper names that designate particular entities (lineages) that have parts, rather than terms that designate natural classes that have instances. To this end, he embarks on a series of tasks of different kinds, ranging from the search for definitions of terms such as “species”, “lineage”, and “reproduction” to clarify the content of the thesis, to the defense of this thesis against common objections. In the present critical note, I give a brief introduction to the individuality thesis and then focus on and criticize four aspects of the book’s content. These are (1) the constant search for definitions as antithetical to the metatheoretical spirit that Caponi claims to adopt; (2) his defense of the image of the tree of life against phenomena such as hybridization and symbiogenesis, which would require the use of networks; (3) his original idea according to which lineages have a temporal but not a spatial location; and (4) his assimilation of adaptations (as explananda of the theory of natural selection) with the characters used in contemporary systematics.
The book Linajes: Esas cosas que evolucionan by Gustavo Caponi has the overarching goal of defending the thesis of taxonomic individualism, according to which biological taxa should be thought of as individuals and not as natural classes. That is, terms such as Panthera leo are proper names that designate particular entities (lineages) that have parts, rather than terms that designate natural classes that have instances. To this end, he embarks on a series of tasks of different kinds, ranging from the search for definitions of terms such as “species”, “lineage”, and “reproduction” to clarify the content of the thesis, to the defense of this thesis against common objections. In the present critical note, I give a brief introduction to the individuality thesis and then focus on and criticize four aspects of the book’s content. These are (1) the constant search for definitions as antithetical to the metatheoretical spirit that Caponi claims to adopt; (2) his defense of the image of the tree of life against phenomena such as hybridization and symbiogenesis, which would require the use of networks; (3) his original idea according to which lineages have a temporal but not a spatial location; and (4) his assimilation of adaptations (as explananda of the theory of natural selection) with the characters used in contemporary systematics.
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