Chullpas equivocadas: Una arqueología de las diferencias ontológicas

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Fecha
07/2022
Editorial
Sociedad Chilena de Arqueología
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Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Arqueología
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0716-5730
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Tomando como punto de partida el doble significado del término chullpa (un tipo de sepulcro y míticos seres presolares), se ensaya un acercamiento arqueológico a prácticas basadas en una concepción activa de la materialidad y no lineal del tiempo. Primero se argumenta que la equivalencia entre chullpa y sepulcro, común en la disciplina, es una traducción errónea de las referencias que hacían los informantes andinos de ciertos agenciamientos que asociaban difuntos, torres o cámaras y fuerzas del mundo interior bajo lógicas de ancestralidad, referencias que eventualmente cobraron expresión mitológica en los chullpa como habitantes de un mundo presolar. Luego se aprovecha el caso de las chullpas (cámaras y torres) de Lípez (Potosí, Bolivia) para explorar los poderes que ejercían estas estructuras en su interacción con los humanos (runakuna), tomando en consideración su materialidad, sus contextos y las actividades en que participaron durante los períodos Intermedio Tardío y Tardío. Finalmente se presentan versiones actuales del mito de los chullpa registradas en Lípez y algunas prácticas que los relacionan con las torres y cámaras, para concluir que el poder emergente de estos agenciamientos continúa vigente.
Taking the two meanings of the term chullpa (a sepulcher and mythical pre-solar beings) as a point of departure, I try an archaeological approach to practices based on a conception of active materiality and non-linear time. Firstly, I argue that the equation chullpa=sepulcher, common in the discipline, is a miss-translation of the references that Andean informants made to certain assemblages which associated the dead, towers or chambers, and forces of the inside-world under logics of ancestrality, references which eventually found mythological expression in the chullpa of the presolar world. Then I focus on the chullpas (towers and chambers) of Lipez (Potosí, Bolivia) to explore the powers which these features deployed in their interactions with humans (runakuna), taking into consideration their materiality, their contexts, and the activities in which they participated during the Late Intermediate and Late periods. Lastly, I present current versions of the chullpa myth recorded in Lipez and some practices which relate them with the towers and chambers, concluding that the power of these assemblages is alive.
Taking the two meanings of the term chullpa (a sepulcher and mythical pre-solar beings) as a point of departure, I try an archaeological approach to practices based on a conception of active materiality and non-linear time. Firstly, I argue that the equation chullpa=sepulcher, common in the discipline, is a miss-translation of the references that Andean informants made to certain assemblages which associated the dead, towers or chambers, and forces of the inside-world under logics of ancestrality, references which eventually found mythological expression in the chullpa of the presolar world. Then I focus on the chullpas (towers and chambers) of Lipez (Potosí, Bolivia) to explore the powers which these features deployed in their interactions with humans (runakuna), taking into consideration their materiality, their contexts, and the activities in which they participated during the Late Intermediate and Late periods. Lastly, I present current versions of the chullpa myth recorded in Lipez and some practices which relate them with the towers and chambers, concluding that the power of these assemblages is alive.
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