Actitudes de los adultos mayores de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires ante las políticas y los programas para la vejez
; Oddone, Maria Julieta 
Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2017
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología
Revista
Perspectivas en Psicología
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ISSN
1668-7175
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Español
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Resumen
El envejecimiento demográfico repercute en la sociedad y en las políticas públicas porque para ser autónomos, los adultos mayores deben lograr accesibilidad a pensiones de vejez, a servicios básicos y vivienda, a cobertura de atención sanitaria y de cuidados, así como a redes sociales de apoyo. Existe evidencia de que, en el curso de la presente década, se han generado y puesto en marcha nuevos programas para la población mayor. Se hace necesario, por lo tanto, llevar adelante estudios e investigaciones que provean información actualizada sobre la incidencia que tienen, sobre la población de referencia, las actuales políticas sociales y los cambios que produjeron en sus vidas cotidianas. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en el análisis de la utilización o no de planes sociales específicos y de las actitudes con respecto a los mismos. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa, aplicando un cuestionario a una muestra representativa de los habitantes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, mayores de 60 años. Se analizaron los datos que proveyó una escala Likert aplicada en el cuestionario, con 20 ítems sobre actitudes hacia las prestaciones sociales otorgadas a las personas de mayor edad. Se tuvo en cuenta el género, la edad, el grupo conviviente y el nivel educativo. Los resultados muestran que el nivel educativo, el estado civil y la edad de las personas mayores son determinantes en la actitud positiva o negativa en relación al conocimiento y la utilización de los planes sociales específicos.
A social policy implies government intervention in order to redistribute income and wealth, and provide social welfare services. A policy for the care of elders should maintain and increase the independence of older people, as well as widen and improve re-adaptation measures and find answers for their fragility. The target population of these social policies builds attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that determine the use of and the value that is placed on social programs. Objective: To identify older people’s use of, knowledge about, and attitude towards social programs for the elderly. Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study of people over 60 years old in the city of Buenos Aires. A 40-item questionnaire was designed and a probability multi-stage sampling was developed: stratified, cluster (sample points) systematic (housing), and simple random (interviews). The sample comprised 565 people. A 20-dimensions Likert scale was used in order to analyze attitudes towards visibility, accessibility and the use of social programs. Findings and conclusions: Findings showed a significant lack of awareness about social programs and their use. Regarding attitudes, most vulnerable senior citizens (due to socioeconomic status, widowhood state, or greater age) had positive views towards social programs, due to their potential or actual need of them. On the contrary, less vulnerable and higher income senior citizens had a negative view of government social programs.
A social policy implies government intervention in order to redistribute income and wealth, and provide social welfare services. A policy for the care of elders should maintain and increase the independence of older people, as well as widen and improve re-adaptation measures and find answers for their fragility. The target population of these social policies builds attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that determine the use of and the value that is placed on social programs. Objective: To identify older people’s use of, knowledge about, and attitude towards social programs for the elderly. Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study of people over 60 years old in the city of Buenos Aires. A 40-item questionnaire was designed and a probability multi-stage sampling was developed: stratified, cluster (sample points) systematic (housing), and simple random (interviews). The sample comprised 565 people. A 20-dimensions Likert scale was used in order to analyze attitudes towards visibility, accessibility and the use of social programs. Findings and conclusions: Findings showed a significant lack of awareness about social programs and their use. Regarding attitudes, most vulnerable senior citizens (due to socioeconomic status, widowhood state, or greater age) had positive views towards social programs, due to their potential or actual need of them. On the contrary, less vulnerable and higher income senior citizens had a negative view of government social programs.
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