Distress Tolerance and Executive Functions: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that have empirically explored the relationship between executive functions and distress tolerance. Method: For this purpose, 20 articles were selected through a database search using these keywords. Results: Regarding tolerance of physical discomfort, associations were found with inhibitory control, but not with working memory capacity or cognitive flexibility. Tolerance of negative emotions showed contradictory associations with inhibitory control, and scarce associations with working memory and cognitive flexibility. Regarding tolerance of uncertainty, we found contradictory associations with inhibitory control, few associations with cognitive flexibility and no studies analyzing the role of working memory. No studies were found about the relationship between executive functions and tolerance of frustration or tolerance of ambiguity. Conclusions: Future studies should explore each executive component separately and incorporate both self-report and behavioral measures for the assessment of distress tolerance. They should also involve participants fromdifferent populations, especially children, older adults, and clinical populations.