Para una crítica inmanente del liberalismo: Theodor Adorno y la cuestión del individuo en Mínima Moralia

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12/2016
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Universidade Católica de Pernambuco
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1982-999x
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A diferencia de lo que sucede con otros pensadores asociados al marxismo occidental -de G. Lukacs a L. Althusser, pasando por distintos miembros de la Escuela de Frankfurt-, las reflexiones ético-políticas de Th. Adorno suelen remitirnos a la tradición liberal del pensamiento, en particular en lo que respecta a su categoría central: la de individuo. En efecto, tan persistente como la problematización de la autonomía, la crítica ideológica de la personalidad autoritaria o el trazado de la genealogía violenta del sí mismo, parecería ser en su obra la negativa a realizarlas yendo “más allá” del individuo o apelando a alguna otra lógica que lo complemente. Sin embargo, lejos de la realidad aproblemática e inmediatamente reconocible por todo el mundo, el "individuo" adorniano es -como en Althusser, aunque por otros motivosuna suerte de enigma que exige desciframiento y que, si nos reenvía al liberalismo, lo hace en todo caso a uno "fuera de quicio", acosado por sus propios fantasmas. Aportar algunas claves interpretativas para leer esa figura cifrada es la tarea que nos proponemos abordar aquí partiendo de una relectura de Minima Moralia.
In contrast to other Occidental Marxists –from G. Lukacs to L. Althusser going through different members of the Frankfurt School-, Adorno’s ethic-political reflections usually send us back to the liberal tradition of political thought, starting with its main cathegory: the individual. As persistent as his problematization of authonomy, his ideological critique of authoritarian personality or his drawing of the violent geneology of the self, is his negative to perform them going beyond the individual or appealling to any other logic in order to “complement” it. However, far from that aproblematic reality that anyone can immediately recognize, Adorno’s “individual” is a kind of enigma that requires to be deciphered and which send us back to a “liberalism” but “out of joint”, “haunted” by its own ghosts. To contribute with some interpretative clues in order to read that weird figure is the task we asume here departing from Minima Moralia.
In contrast to other Occidental Marxists –from G. Lukacs to L. Althusser going through different members of the Frankfurt School-, Adorno’s ethic-political reflections usually send us back to the liberal tradition of political thought, starting with its main cathegory: the individual. As persistent as his problematization of authonomy, his ideological critique of authoritarian personality or his drawing of the violent geneology of the self, is his negative to perform them going beyond the individual or appealling to any other logic in order to “complement” it. However, far from that aproblematic reality that anyone can immediately recognize, Adorno’s “individual” is a kind of enigma that requires to be deciphered and which send us back to a “liberalism” but “out of joint”, “haunted” by its own ghosts. To contribute with some interpretative clues in order to read that weird figure is the task we asume here departing from Minima Moralia.
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