Monitoreo de la vegetación en minería no metalífera de la planta Holcim, Capdeville-Las Heras, Mendoza
; Navas Romero, Ana Laura
; Re, Gustavo Enrique Fecha
2018
Editorial
Eduardo Enrique Martínez Carretero
Revista
Título del libro
Restauración ecológica de la diagonal árida de la Argentina
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
eISSN
ISBN
978-987-42-9723-5
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Resumen
La explotación de canteras no metalíferas puede ocasionar un alto impacto al medio ambiente. Nuestro objetivo fue aplicar una metodología de monitoreo para conocer los cambios en la vegetación por la actividad minera en la cementera Holcim de Capdeville, Las Heras, Mendoza. En el 2008 elaboramos un mapa de vegetación identificando cinco Unidades de vegetación y una sexta sin vegetación. En cada Unidad establecimos 3 parcelas y evaluamos la cobertura vegetal mediante transectas de Point Quadrat Modificado. Para inventariar las especies herbáceas en las parcelas, utilizamos un bastidor rectangular y censos fitosociológicos. Con ello se determinó la productividad de las efímeras mediante cortes. Además, en cada parcela se midió la cobertura de costras biológicas por Point-quadrat modificado y se determinaron los grupos funcionales presentes y el aporte de N, P y materia orgánica. La cobertura vegetal en las Unidades varío del 20-70% en condiciones de umbría. La biomasa de las especies arbustivas y herbáceas de la Unidades osciló entre 1,45-12 tn/ha. La comunidad arbustiva y herbácea perenne mostró estabilidad, con establecimiento de plantines en períodos lluviosos. Las especies anuales resultaron episódicas respondiendo a las precipitaciones. La densidad de arbustos varío de 18-155/ha, las gramíneas perennes fluctuaron entre 960-10500 ejemplares/ha y las anuales entre 120-14300 ejemplares/ha. La cobertura de costra biológica (CBs) fue superior en las unidades menos impactadas (U2 y U3), en las cuales dominaron los musgos. La comunidad vegetal se mostró estable frente a la actividad de cantera, sin embargo, se observaron daños en determinadas áreas por efecto del particulado sedimentable.
The exploitation of non-metallic quarries can cause a high impact on the environment. Our objective was to apply a monitoring methodology to know the changes in the vegetation due to the mining activity in the Holcim cement factory in Capdeville, Las Heras, Mendoza. In 2008, we developed a vegetation map identifying five vegetation Units and a sixth without vegetation. In each Unit we established 3 plots and evaluated the vegetation cover by means of Modified Point Quadrat transects. To inventory the herbaceous species in the plots, we used a rectangular frame and phytosociological censuses. With this, the productivity of the ephemeral was determined by means of cuts. In addition, in each plot, the biological scab coverage was measured by modified Point-quadrat and the functional groups present and the contribution of N, P and organic matter were determined. The vegetation cover in the Units varied from 20-70% in shady conditions. The biomass of the shrub and herbaceous species of the Units ranged between 1.45-12 tn / ha. The shrub and herbaceous perennial community showed stability, with seedling establishment in rainy periods. Annual species were episodic in response to rainfall. Shrub density varied from 18-155 / ha, perennial grasses fluctuated between 960-10500 specimens / ha and annuals between 120-14300 specimens / ha. The biological scab cover (CBs) was higher in the least impacted units (U2 and U3), in which the mosses dominated. The plant community was stable against quarry activity, however, damage was observed in certain areas due to the effect of sedimentable particulate.
The exploitation of non-metallic quarries can cause a high impact on the environment. Our objective was to apply a monitoring methodology to know the changes in the vegetation due to the mining activity in the Holcim cement factory in Capdeville, Las Heras, Mendoza. In 2008, we developed a vegetation map identifying five vegetation Units and a sixth without vegetation. In each Unit we established 3 plots and evaluated the vegetation cover by means of Modified Point Quadrat transects. To inventory the herbaceous species in the plots, we used a rectangular frame and phytosociological censuses. With this, the productivity of the ephemeral was determined by means of cuts. In addition, in each plot, the biological scab coverage was measured by modified Point-quadrat and the functional groups present and the contribution of N, P and organic matter were determined. The vegetation cover in the Units varied from 20-70% in shady conditions. The biomass of the shrub and herbaceous species of the Units ranged between 1.45-12 tn / ha. The shrub and herbaceous perennial community showed stability, with seedling establishment in rainy periods. Annual species were episodic in response to rainfall. Shrub density varied from 18-155 / ha, perennial grasses fluctuated between 960-10500 specimens / ha and annuals between 120-14300 specimens / ha. The biological scab cover (CBs) was higher in the least impacted units (U2 and U3), in which the mosses dominated. The plant community was stable against quarry activity, however, damage was observed in certain areas due to the effect of sedimentable particulate.
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