Nanotecnología en agricultura: jurisdicciones epistémicas y desafíos regulatorios en Argentina y Brasil
; Engelmann, Wilson Otros responsables
Fecha
11/2024
Editorial
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Revista
Mundo Nano
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2007-5979
eISSN
2448-5691
ISBN
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Español
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Resumen
El objetivo del trabajo es relevar y analizar, a partir de la identificación de la aplica-ción de nanotecnologías en agricultura, aquellas tendencias o directrices de agencias regula-doras internacionales (EFSA, OCDE, EPA-FDA, ISO) para pensar futuros escenarios de actualiza-ción normativa y de la ciencia regulatoria en contextos nacionales, y teniendo en cuenta la protección de la salud humana, de los suelos y la biodiversidad frente al riesgo y/o a sus posi-bles efectos adversos. El trabajo presta atención a los contextos regulatorios en Argentina y Brasil, en tanto son países ocupando los lugares centrales en la producción y consumo de agrotóxicos, a nivel regional y mundial. Se observan también los desafíos regulatorios plan-teándose tanto a nivel ontológico como procedimental: a la par de discutir si se aplica un marco convencional para sustancias químicas ya conocidas, o un marco específico para las novedades nanotecnológicas; se debaten alternativas regulatorias y de gobernanza anticipato-ria del riesgo. Ante la falta de una legislación sólida, se imponen los criterios científico-técnicopolíticos de dichas agencias internacionales, los cuales serán conceptualizados en términos de jurisdicciones epistémicas, desde la literatura STS. Metodológicamente se ha procedido me-diante relevamientos y análisis de fuentes documentales: legales, normas técnicas, guías o di-rectivas para ensayo y gestión de nanomateriales, entre otros.
The objective of the work is to analyze those trends or guidelines of international regulatory agencies (EFSA, OECD, EPA-FDA, ISO) in the field of the application of nanotechnologies in agriculture, in order to think future scenarios of normative updating and regulatory science in national contexts, and take into account the protection of human health, soils and biodiversity towards the risk and/or possible adverse effects of agro-nanotechnology. The work then focuses in the regulatory contexts in Argentina and Brazil, as countries that occupy central places in the production and consumption of agrochemicals, regionally and globally. It is observed that regulatory challenges are posed at both ontological and procedural levels: while it is discussed whether to apply a conventional framework for already known chemicals, or a specific framework for nanotechnological novelties, regulatory and risk anticipatory governance alternatives are debated. In the absence of a solid legislation, the scientific-technical-political criteria of these international agencies are imposed, which will be conceptualized in terms of epistemic jurisdictions, following the STS literature. Methodologically, the work has proceeded by means of documentary sources: legal, technical standards, guidelines or directives for testing and management of nanomaterials, among others.
The objective of the work is to analyze those trends or guidelines of international regulatory agencies (EFSA, OECD, EPA-FDA, ISO) in the field of the application of nanotechnologies in agriculture, in order to think future scenarios of normative updating and regulatory science in national contexts, and take into account the protection of human health, soils and biodiversity towards the risk and/or possible adverse effects of agro-nanotechnology. The work then focuses in the regulatory contexts in Argentina and Brazil, as countries that occupy central places in the production and consumption of agrochemicals, regionally and globally. It is observed that regulatory challenges are posed at both ontological and procedural levels: while it is discussed whether to apply a conventional framework for already known chemicals, or a specific framework for nanotechnological novelties, regulatory and risk anticipatory governance alternatives are debated. In the absence of a solid legislation, the scientific-technical-political criteria of these international agencies are imposed, which will be conceptualized in terms of epistemic jurisdictions, following the STS literature. Methodologically, the work has proceeded by means of documentary sources: legal, technical standards, guidelines or directives for testing and management of nanomaterials, among others.
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