El rol del gluten en la panificación y el desafío de prescindir de su aporte en la elaboración de pan
; Steffolani, Maria Eugenia
; Leon, Alberto Edel 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2016
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias
Revista
AgriScientia
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1668-298X
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ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Resumen
La enfermedad celíaca es una enteropatía crónica del intestino delgado inmunomediada y promovida por la exposición a una dieta con gluten en individuos genéticamente predispuestos. La interacción de factores genéticos y ambientales provoca la pérdida de tolerancia a ciertas proteínas presentes en algunos cereales. Recientemente se estableció una prevalencia de celiaquía del 1% en el mundo, con grandes variaciones entre los países. El único tratamiento eficaz es adoptar una dieta libre de gluten. El gluten es una red proteica que se estructura al hidratar la harina y se refuerza mediante el amasado. Está conformado fundamentalmente por dos fracciones proteicas: prolaminas y glutelinas. Estas proteínas juegan un rol preponderante en la calidad de los más tradicionales productos de panificación, por lo que es un gran desafío para investigadores y tecnólogos elaborar estos productos sin contar con esta red. La polimerización de proteínas para simular la red de gluten ha mostrado sus limitaciones, por lo que se profundizó en el estudio de las interacciones entre diferentes componentes como un factor determinante para el desarrollo de productos. Sobre esa base se obtuvieron mejores resultados usando almidón de mandioca y harina de soja activa, gracias a las interacciones específicas establecidas entre ambos componentes.
Celiac disease is an immunomodulated chronic enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible patients. The interaction between genetic and environmental factors leads to an intolerance toward some proteins present in certain cereals. Recently, the worldwide prevalence of this disease has been estimated in 1%, with an important variation among different countries. Nowadays, the only effective treatment for the disease consists in a lifelong gluten-free diet. Gluten is a protein network formed when four and water are mixed (energy input), and is composed of two main protein fractions: prolamins and glutenins. This protein network is a leading factor determining the quality of most traditional baked products; therefore, obtaining these products without this network is a major challenge for food scientists and technologists. Protein polymerization -other than gluten- has shown limited results in replacing the gluten network; hence, a different approach was adopted, focusing on the study of interactions among different raw components as a key factor in gluten-free products development. With this approach, better results were obtained when using cassava starch and active soy flour, due to specific interactions established between both components.
Celiac disease is an immunomodulated chronic enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible patients. The interaction between genetic and environmental factors leads to an intolerance toward some proteins present in certain cereals. Recently, the worldwide prevalence of this disease has been estimated in 1%, with an important variation among different countries. Nowadays, the only effective treatment for the disease consists in a lifelong gluten-free diet. Gluten is a protein network formed when four and water are mixed (energy input), and is composed of two main protein fractions: prolamins and glutenins. This protein network is a leading factor determining the quality of most traditional baked products; therefore, obtaining these products without this network is a major challenge for food scientists and technologists. Protein polymerization -other than gluten- has shown limited results in replacing the gluten network; hence, a different approach was adopted, focusing on the study of interactions among different raw components as a key factor in gluten-free products development. With this approach, better results were obtained when using cassava starch and active soy flour, due to specific interactions established between both components.
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