La determinación de la libertad, en John Locke

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06/2018
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Università di Bologna. Dipartimento delle Arti
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Scienza & Politica
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1825-9618
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La libertà non ha un significato univoco nell’opera di Locke, nonostante la sua centralità. È intesa come un dovere e un diritto, ma anche come un potere o, come si sostiene in questa sede, come uno stato. Le variazioni dell’idea di libertà tra il Saggio sull’intelletto umano (1690) e il Secondo trattato sul governo (1690), tra le edizioni e in relazione a testi giovanili o posteriori, come Ragionevolezza del cristianesimo (1695), permettono di pensare la libertà come problema (soprattutto politico) prima che come evidenza. Essa si afferma come la caratteristica più eccelsa della natura umana e allo stesso tempo come sintomo della sua precarietà e corruzione. La libertà segue lo stesso percorso della ragione, in un pensatore che scrive per indagare i loro limiti, non per considerarli aggirabili.
Freedom has no univocal meaning in Locke's work, despite its centrality. It is understood as a duty and right, but also as a power, or, as we will hold here, as a state. The successive modifications of the idea of freedom between An Essay concerning Human Understanding (1690) and Two Treatises of Government (1690), between the editions and in relation to early or later texts, such as The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695), allow us to think of freedom as a problem (above all, a political one), rather than as an evidence. Freedom affirms itself as the most sublime characteristic of human nature, as well as the symptom of her precariousness and corruption. Freedom could be compared with reason, as Locke intends to investigate the limits of both, without ever thinking them as franchisable.
Freedom has no univocal meaning in Locke's work, despite its centrality. It is understood as a duty and right, but also as a power, or, as we will hold here, as a state. The successive modifications of the idea of freedom between An Essay concerning Human Understanding (1690) and Two Treatises of Government (1690), between the editions and in relation to early or later texts, such as The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695), allow us to think of freedom as a problem (above all, a political one), rather than as an evidence. Freedom affirms itself as the most sublime characteristic of human nature, as well as the symptom of her precariousness and corruption. Freedom could be compared with reason, as Locke intends to investigate the limits of both, without ever thinking them as franchisable.
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