Técnica y política en la construcción sismorresistente en Mendoza en la década del '20: La acción del Estado en los casos de Costa de Araujo y Villa Atuel
; Esteves, Matias Jose 
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07/2022
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario
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Estudios sociales del Estado
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2422-7803
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Se analizan los avances técnicos y políticos referidos a la reglamentación de laconstrucción sismorresistente en la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina) y su impacto enlas soluciones de habitación popular en zonas rurales luego de sismos de gran magnitudocurridos en la década de 1920. Estos sismos derribaron prácticamente la totalidad de laedilicia de los poblados afectados que estaban materializados principalmente con tierracruda, requiriendo la intervención del Estado en las tareas de reconstrucción. Para ello,se examinaron diversos documentos históricos: Anuarios estadísticos, Memoria de laDirección de Obras Públicas, documentos legislativos y prensa. Los resultados muestranque a pesar de que las reglamentaciones y los materiales sismorresistentes ocuparoncada vez más protagonismo en esta época, las acciones de reconstrucción post terremotoen zonas rurales no siempre tuvieron consecuencias directas. No obstante, sentaronprecedentes importantes para la erradicación paulatina del adobe como principalmaterial constructivo hasta el momento a escala provincial. El reemplazo del uso demateriales naturales en la construcción por otros sismorresistentes fue complejo debido a los costos y tiempos constructivos, sumado a la arraigada tradición constructiva de lapoblación en tierra cruda.
The technical and political advances related to the regulation of earthquake-resistant construction in the province of Mendoza are analyzed with an emphasis on popular housing solutions in rural areas after earthquakes happened during the 1920s. These earthquakes knocked down practically all of the buildings in the affected villages, which were mainly made up of adobe, requiring the intervention of the State in reconstruction works. For this, various historical documents were examined: Statistical Yearbooks, Memory of the Public Works Directorate, legislative documents and local press notes. The results show that despite the fact that regulations and earthquake resistant materials played an increasing role at this decade, post-earthquake reconstruction actions in rural areas did not always have direct consequences. However, they established important precedents for the gradual eradication of adobe as the main construction material in all the province. The replacement of the use of natural materials in construction for other earthquake resistant was complex due to the costs and construction times, added to the deep-rooted construction tradition of the population in adobe.
The technical and political advances related to the regulation of earthquake-resistant construction in the province of Mendoza are analyzed with an emphasis on popular housing solutions in rural areas after earthquakes happened during the 1920s. These earthquakes knocked down practically all of the buildings in the affected villages, which were mainly made up of adobe, requiring the intervention of the State in reconstruction works. For this, various historical documents were examined: Statistical Yearbooks, Memory of the Public Works Directorate, legislative documents and local press notes. The results show that despite the fact that regulations and earthquake resistant materials played an increasing role at this decade, post-earthquake reconstruction actions in rural areas did not always have direct consequences. However, they established important precedents for the gradual eradication of adobe as the main construction material in all the province. The replacement of the use of natural materials in construction for other earthquake resistant was complex due to the costs and construction times, added to the deep-rooted construction tradition of the population in adobe.
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