Phenotypic plasticity in Bromelia serra Griseb: morphological variations due to plant size and habitats with contrasting light availability
; Cárcamo, José María ; Cárcamo, Juan Ignacio ; Albertengo, Juliana Otros responsables
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07/2017
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Biociências
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Revista Brasileira de Biociências
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1679-2343
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En el sotobosque de los quebrachales de Schinopsis balansae Engl. del Chaco Húmedo crecen densas colonias de Bromelia serra. Los individuos de esta bromeliácea estrictamente terrestre se desarrollan tanto al sol como a la sombra del sotobosque. Estudios realizados con una bromeliácea epífita facultativa, Aechmea distichantha Lem., que también habita en el sotobosque de estos quebrachales y cuyas bases foliares forman un tanque (fitotelmata), verifican la existencia de diferencias en arquitectura y asignación de biomasa debido al tamaño de las plantas (plasticidad fenotípica aparente) y a las condiciones ambientales (plasticidad fenotípica real). Para evaluar si la arquitectura y asignación de biomasa de una bromeliácea estrictamente terrestre son afectadas por el hábitat y por el tamaño de las plantas, se seleccionaron 22 plantas de B. serra de áreas abiertas y 22 plantas del sotobosque que abarcaran todo el rango de variación de tamaño. Para cada planta se caracterizó su roseta (altura, diámetro y número de hojas) y se le midió el largo y ancho de la hoja más larga. Además, las plantas fueron separadas en tallo y hojas (vainas y láminas), pesadas, y se derivaron índices de asignación de biomasa. A igualdad de biomasa, las plantas que crecen al sol tienen hojas más cortas, con una menor relación largo:ancho que las del sotobosque. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias entre hábitats respecto a la altura, el diámetro, o la biomasa de distintas fracciones. Estos resultados sugieren que B. serra (bromeliácea estrictamente terrestre) muestra una elevada plasticidad aparente, pero una baja plasticidad fenotípica real en respuesta a diferencias ambientales.
In the understory of the Schinopsis balansae Engl. forests of the Wet Chaco there are dense populations of Bromelia serra. The individuals of this strictly terrestrial bromeliad grow in the sun as well as in the shade of the understory. Studies carried out with a facultative epiphytic bromeliad, Aechmea distichantha Lem., which also lives in the understory of these forests and whose foliar bases form a tank (phytotelmata), showed the existence of differences in plant architecture and biomass allocation due to plant size (apparent phenotypic plasticity) and to environmental conditions (true phenotypic plasticity). Thus, to evaluate whether the architecture and biomass allocation of a strictly terrestrial bromeliad are also affected by habitat and by plant size, we selected 22 plants of B. serra from open areas and 22 from the understory. The selected plants covered the whole range of plant size. For each plant, we characterized its rosette (height, diameter and number of leaves) and measured the length and width of the longest leaf. The plants were split into stem and leaves (sheaths and blades), weighed, and then several biomass allocation indexes were derived. At a similar biomass, plants growing in the sun had shorter leaves, with a lower length: width ratio than those from the understory, but there were no differences between habitats with regard to plant height, diameter or different biomass fractions. These results suggest that B. serra (a strictly terrestrial bromeliad) shows a high apparent plasticity in most variables, but low true phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental differences.
In the understory of the Schinopsis balansae Engl. forests of the Wet Chaco there are dense populations of Bromelia serra. The individuals of this strictly terrestrial bromeliad grow in the sun as well as in the shade of the understory. Studies carried out with a facultative epiphytic bromeliad, Aechmea distichantha Lem., which also lives in the understory of these forests and whose foliar bases form a tank (phytotelmata), showed the existence of differences in plant architecture and biomass allocation due to plant size (apparent phenotypic plasticity) and to environmental conditions (true phenotypic plasticity). Thus, to evaluate whether the architecture and biomass allocation of a strictly terrestrial bromeliad are also affected by habitat and by plant size, we selected 22 plants of B. serra from open areas and 22 from the understory. The selected plants covered the whole range of plant size. For each plant, we characterized its rosette (height, diameter and number of leaves) and measured the length and width of the longest leaf. The plants were split into stem and leaves (sheaths and blades), weighed, and then several biomass allocation indexes were derived. At a similar biomass, plants growing in the sun had shorter leaves, with a lower length: width ratio than those from the understory, but there were no differences between habitats with regard to plant height, diameter or different biomass fractions. These results suggest that B. serra (a strictly terrestrial bromeliad) shows a high apparent plasticity in most variables, but low true phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental differences.
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