De la identidad formal a la semejanza en la caracterización del conocimiento: Aristóteles y la filosofía tardomedieval

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Fecha
06/2021
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Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Centro de Estudios Filosóficos Medievales
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Scripta Mediaevalia
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1851-8753
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2362-4868
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El artículo se ocupa del repetido uso de la noción de semejanza en la caracterización del conocimiento de tres destacados autores tardomedievales: Tomás de Aquino, Pedro de Juan Olivi y Guillermo de Ockham. En el De anima Aristóteles solo usa tal noción cuando critica las opiniones de los filósofos anteriores y hace algunas alusiones al tratar la percepción sensible. Cuando se trata del intelecto, la semejanza está totalmente ausente. En cuanto a Aquino, él hace un giro desde la identidad formal hacia la de semejanza, como si fueran conceptos coincidentes o intercambiables. La semejanza ocupa un lugar preponderante tanto en la caracterización del conocimiento sensible como en la del intelectual. Olivi adopta una perspectiva radicalmente diferente como consecuencia de su crítica a la teoría de las especies. No habiendo influjo causal desde el exterior, es el propio acto cognitivo el que se asimila al objeto. En su tránsito de la teoría del fictum a la del acto mental, Ockham no abandona la semejanza como una característica de los conceptos universales, entendidos por él como signos naturales.
The paper deals with three outstanding Late Medieval thinkers’s repeated use of the notion of resemblance in characterizing cognition: Thomas Aquinas, Peter of John Olivi and William of Ockham. In his De anima Aristotle just uses such notion when criticizing the earlier philosophers’s opinions and makes some allusions to it when dealing with sensible perception. When it comes to intellect, resemblance is totally absent. As for Aquinas, he turns from formal identity to resemblance, as if they were coincident or interchangeable concepts. Resemblance plays a major role in his characterization of both sensation and intellection. Olivi adopts a perspective radically different as a consequence of criticizing the theory of species. As there is not any causal influx from abroad, it is the cognitive act itself which assimilates to the object. In changing his mind with respect to his earlier theory of fictum and adopting eventually a theory of mental acts, Ockham does not give up to resemblance in characterizing universal concepts. Rather, he uses resemblance in characterizing such concepts as natural signs.
The paper deals with three outstanding Late Medieval thinkers’s repeated use of the notion of resemblance in characterizing cognition: Thomas Aquinas, Peter of John Olivi and William of Ockham. In his De anima Aristotle just uses such notion when criticizing the earlier philosophers’s opinions and makes some allusions to it when dealing with sensible perception. When it comes to intellect, resemblance is totally absent. As for Aquinas, he turns from formal identity to resemblance, as if they were coincident or interchangeable concepts. Resemblance plays a major role in his characterization of both sensation and intellection. Olivi adopts a perspective radically different as a consequence of criticizing the theory of species. As there is not any causal influx from abroad, it is the cognitive act itself which assimilates to the object. In changing his mind with respect to his earlier theory of fictum and adopting eventually a theory of mental acts, Ockham does not give up to resemblance in characterizing universal concepts. Rather, he uses resemblance in characterizing such concepts as natural signs.
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