Modelos animales de depleción de serotonina: efectos sobre el proceso de neurogénesis adulta hipocampal
; Diaz, Silvina Laura 
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04/2018
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Universidad de Morón
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Revista de Investigaciones Científicas de la Universidad de Morón
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2591-5444
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El proceso de generación de nuevas neuronas en áreas específicas del sistema nervioso central de los mamíferos no deja de fascinar a la comunidad científica, ya que permite vislumbrar un potencial terapéutico para patologías neurodegenerativas y/o psiquiátricas que al día de hoy no tienen cura. Por esta razón, resulta de sumo interés el estudio de los mecanismos que permiten la regulación de las distintas etapas del proceso de generación de nuevas neuronas. En particular, el sistema serotonérgico ha sido vinculado con la modulación de la neurogénesis en el hipocampo adulto, a partir de descubrimientos que mostraban que el aumento de serotonina inducido por antidepresivos serotonérgicos, aumentaba la neurogénesis. Asimismo, se ha demostrado que, paradójicamente, la depleción de serotonina a nivel del sistema nervioso también potencia algunas etapas del proceso de neurogénesis. Estos resultados, aparentemente contradictorios, hacen pensar que la neurogénesis se sostiene en un delicado equilibrio en el que cada etapa podría ser sensible a la estimulación de diversos tipos de receptores serotonérgicos, que a su vez son sensibles a diferentes niveles de serotonina. Los modelos clásicos de depleción de serotonina eran de tipo farmacológico, pero en la última década, surgieron numerosos modelos de animales hiposerotonérgicos por modificaciones genéticas. Esta revisión, recopila cómo se ve afectado el proceso de neurogénesis del hipocampo adulto de roedores, en diversos modelos de depleción de serotonina tanto farmacológicos como genéticos.
The process of generation of newborn neurons in specific areas of the central nervous system of mammals continues to fascinate the scientific community, since it allows to glimpse a therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative and / or psychiatric pathologies for which, up to now, there is no cure. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms that regulate the multistep process of neurogenesis is of great interest. Particularly, the serotonergic system has been linked to the modulation of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Indeed a great body of studies has shown that the different stages of neurogenesis, i.e. proliferation, survival, etc. can be facilitated by higher serotonin neurotransmission after administration of serotonergic antidepressants. Likewise, it has been shown that depletion of central serotonin also enhances some stages of the neurogenesis process. These results, apparently contradictory, lead us to believe that neurogenesis is sustained in a delicate balance in which each stage could be sensitive to the stimulation of different types of serotonergic receptors, which in turn are sensible to different levels of serotonin. Classical models of serotonin depletion were pharmacological, but in the last decade, numerous models of hyposerotonergic animals were developed by genetic modifications. This review compiles how the process of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is modified in different animal models of pharmacological or genetic serotonin depletion.
The process of generation of newborn neurons in specific areas of the central nervous system of mammals continues to fascinate the scientific community, since it allows to glimpse a therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative and / or psychiatric pathologies for which, up to now, there is no cure. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms that regulate the multistep process of neurogenesis is of great interest. Particularly, the serotonergic system has been linked to the modulation of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Indeed a great body of studies has shown that the different stages of neurogenesis, i.e. proliferation, survival, etc. can be facilitated by higher serotonin neurotransmission after administration of serotonergic antidepressants. Likewise, it has been shown that depletion of central serotonin also enhances some stages of the neurogenesis process. These results, apparently contradictory, lead us to believe that neurogenesis is sustained in a delicate balance in which each stage could be sensitive to the stimulation of different types of serotonergic receptors, which in turn are sensible to different levels of serotonin. Classical models of serotonin depletion were pharmacological, but in the last decade, numerous models of hyposerotonergic animals were developed by genetic modifications. This review compiles how the process of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is modified in different animal models of pharmacological or genetic serotonin depletion.
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