Animal Diversity, Distribution and Conservation

Abstract

In this chapter, we summarize the ecological information available on the species of arthropods, reptiles, terrestrial birds and mammals known to occur at Península Valdés, within the context of the Monte and Patagonia eco-regions. Two hundred species of insects and spiders, 12 species of reptiles, 139 species of birds and 23 species of native mammals inhabit today the island-like peninsula. We describe the community structure, distribution and abundance of the different taxa according to current knowledge. As the Península Valdés region is a World Natural Heritage Site and a provincial protected area of high importance for the conservation of biodiversity and the regional economy, we found relevant to summarize knowledge on the effects of human activities on different components of biodiversity. Habitat degradation, grazing by domestic sheep and poaching are major threats to wildlife, although Península Valdés still harbours some of the most abundant populations of wild species in Patagonia. It is a priority to implement the management plan available for Península Valdés, taking into account the interactions between biodiversity, the different human activities and the physical environment. At the same time, it is necessary to identify and implement actions to conserve wild species and habitats, and also to develop programmes for the coexistence of responsible human activities and healthy wildlife populations.