Ambivalence in Interpretations of multiculturalism as a problem of forming the ethico-axiological foundations in an integrated society

Abstract

The cultural turn in both the scientific and public spheres means an increased interest in the way of life and thinking (culture) of different groups within the communities. Multiculturalism has become a methodological, ideological and interpretative tool. On a descriptive level, multiculturalism interprets each society as multicultural, based on the most diverse, sometimes unrelated, differences. The axiological dimension of multiculturalism defines cultural diversity as a norm, whose violation is a negative phenomenon. The goal of applied multiculturalism (in education and politics) is to build tolerance and a knowledge base about cultural diversity. However, it also forms prefabricated cultures and attributes minority identities to the detriment of social inclusion. The axiological scale of the public and political spheres, from liberal to critical multiculturalism, represents radical, moderate, conservative multiculturalism and radical anti-multiculturalism. The intent of multiculturalism is to ensure the social inclusion of individuals into the civil society based on the coexistence of culturally compatible groups.