Los ensambles de carábidos (Coleoptera) como bioindicadores de las condiciones edáficas locales: Un viñedo de tierras altas del Partido de Berisso, Buenos Aires (Argentina) como caso de estudio
; Cicchino, Armando Conrado
; Gargoloff, Natalia Agustina 
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05/2023
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Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales
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Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía
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1669-9513
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El uso de indicadores que permitan inferir el cumplimiento de los procesos involucrados en la estabilidad y resiliencia constituye una muy buena herramienta de diagnóstico de los agroecosistemas. Se estudió el ensamble de carábidos (Coleoptera) en un agroecosistema vitivinícola de terrenos altos, no inundables de Berisso, Buenos Aires, como un instrumento para estimar su funcionamiento y sustentabilidad. Los carábidos se recolectaron con trampas pitfall. Su riqueza representó el 12,38% del total de estos insectos del partido de Berisso y el 7,38% de la propia de la provincia de Buenos Aires, lo cual representa mucha de la diversidad de la región. Se encontró una estructura bastante simple de la dominancia específica, con el dominio de unas pocas especies por sobre las restantes. Hubo diferencias en la abundancia y riqueza de carábidos entre ambientes y años. Tanto el elenco como las preferencias de hábitats de las especies integrantes reflejan cierto grado de homogeneidad microambiental local. Durante la totalidad del período muestreado, las especies dominantes y eudominantes se mantuvieron. Estas especies y gran parte de las restantes, son eurítopas, ubicuistas y sinantrópicas, o sea generalistas de hábitat, de amplia distribución geográfica y abundantes en sistemas con disturbio antrópico y baja complejidad ambiental. Por sus características bioecológicas, las especies particulares y el ensamble en su conjunto, respondieron positivamente a variables ambientales y de disturbio, actuando como eficaces bioindicadores del funcionamiento del agroecosistema.
The use of indicators that allow inferring compliance of the processes involved in stability and resilience constitutes a very good diagnostic tool for agroecosystems. As a case study, we evaluated the assemblage of carabids (Coleoptera) vineyard agroecosystem of high and non-floodable terrain in the Berisso district, located at the northeastern Buenos Aires province. We tested such assemblage as reliable tool to estimate its functioning and sustainability not only for the vineyard but also for the areas adjacent to it during three consecutive years. Carabids were routinarily collected with pitfall traps. Its whole richness represented 12.38% of these beetles known to date from the above cited district and 7.38% of the province of Buenos Aires (ca. 358 species). A fairly simple structure of specific dominance was found, with a few species dominating by far over the remaining ones. There were differences in the abundance and richness of carabids between the sampled environments as well as for both one and the other calendar years. Both the list and the habitat preferences of the individual species reflect the degree of local microenvironmental homogeneity. During the entire sampling period, the dominant and eudominant species were persistent. These species and a large part of the rest are eurytopic, ubiquitous and synanthropic, that is, habitat generalists, with a wide geographical distribution and abundant in systems with anthropic disturbance and low environmental complexity. Due to their bioecological characteristics, the particular species and the assemblage as a whole responded positively to environmental and disturbance variables, acting as effective bioindicators of the degree of functioning of the vineyard and of the environments adjacent to it.
The use of indicators that allow inferring compliance of the processes involved in stability and resilience constitutes a very good diagnostic tool for agroecosystems. As a case study, we evaluated the assemblage of carabids (Coleoptera) vineyard agroecosystem of high and non-floodable terrain in the Berisso district, located at the northeastern Buenos Aires province. We tested such assemblage as reliable tool to estimate its functioning and sustainability not only for the vineyard but also for the areas adjacent to it during three consecutive years. Carabids were routinarily collected with pitfall traps. Its whole richness represented 12.38% of these beetles known to date from the above cited district and 7.38% of the province of Buenos Aires (ca. 358 species). A fairly simple structure of specific dominance was found, with a few species dominating by far over the remaining ones. There were differences in the abundance and richness of carabids between the sampled environments as well as for both one and the other calendar years. Both the list and the habitat preferences of the individual species reflect the degree of local microenvironmental homogeneity. During the entire sampling period, the dominant and eudominant species were persistent. These species and a large part of the rest are eurytopic, ubiquitous and synanthropic, that is, habitat generalists, with a wide geographical distribution and abundant in systems with anthropic disturbance and low environmental complexity. Due to their bioecological characteristics, the particular species and the assemblage as a whole responded positively to environmental and disturbance variables, acting as effective bioindicators of the degree of functioning of the vineyard and of the environments adjacent to it.
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