Efectos de diferentes fuentes de ácidos grasos n-3 (chía, vegetal y marina, animal) sobre componentes del síndrome metabólico en modelos experimentales (ratas/ratones)

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Fecha
09/2019
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Nutrición
Revista
Actualización en Nutrición
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1667-8052
eISSN
2250-7183
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Español
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Resumen
Introducción: el síndrome metabólico (SM) constituye una constelación de factores interrelacionados que elevan el riesgo de padecer enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La composición de la dieta es crucial en la modificación de estos factores. Numerosos trabajos focalizaron su atención en fuentes de ácidos grasos n-3 de origen marino (animal) en el manejo de estos trastornos, pero más escasos y contemporáneos son aquellos de fuentes n-3 de origen vegetal. Objetivos: realizar un análisis crítico de la evidencia científica experimental de los efectos de una fuente vegetal (Salvia hispanica L. -chía-) y otra animal (marina) de ácidos grasos n-3 sobre alteraciones metabólicas presentes en el SM. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y observacional aplicado a una muestra de 32 artículos científicos. Se analizaron los efectos de diferentes fuentes de ácidos grasos n-3 (aceite/ semilla de chía y aceites marinos) sobre diferentes parámetros relacionados al SM en modelos experimentales inducidos por dietas ricas en azúcares simples y/o grasas. Resultados: ambas fuentes de n-3 mejoran los niveles de triglicéridos, colesterol total y ácidos grasos libres plasmáticos, glucemia, sensibilidad insulínica, peso del tejido adiposo (visceral), presión arterial sistólica, tamaño de adipocitos, triglicéridos hepáticos, marcadores proinflamatorios, tolerancia a la glucosa y actividad de enzimas lipogénicas y antioxidantes. Conclusiones: la fuente vegetal y marina de n-3 mostró efectos beneficiosos sobre algunos factores de riesgo del SM, y se postula a la semilla/aceite de chía como una alternativa novedosa frente a la tradicional fuente marina en el manejo de estos trastornos.
Introduction: the metabolic syndrome (MS) constitutes a constellation of interrelated factors that increase the risk of suffering cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. The composition of the diet is crucial in the modification of these factors. Numerous works focused attention on sources of n-3 fatty acids of marine (animal) origin in the management of these disorders, but scarce and more contemporary are those of n-3 of plant sources. Objectives: to carry out a critical analysis of the experimental scientific evidence of the effects of a vegetable source (Salvia hispanica L. -chia-) and another animal (marine) of n-3 fatty acids on metabolic alterations present in the SM. Materials and methods: descriptive and observational study applied to a sample of 32 scientific articles. The effects of n-3 fatty acids (seed/oil chia and marine oils) on different SMrelated parameters were analyzed in experimental models induced by diets rich in simple sugars and/or fats. Results: both sources of n-3 improve triglycerides, total cholesterol and plasma free fatty acids levels, glycemia, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, weight of adipose tissue (visceral), systolic blood pressure, size of adipocytes, hepatic triglycerides, proinflammatory markers and lipogenic and antioxidants enzymes activities. Conclusions: the vegetable and marine source of n-3 showed beneficial effects on some risk factors of MS, becoming to the seed/oil of chia as a novel alternative to the traditional marine source in the management of these disorders.
Introduction: the metabolic syndrome (MS) constitutes a constellation of interrelated factors that increase the risk of suffering cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. The composition of the diet is crucial in the modification of these factors. Numerous works focused attention on sources of n-3 fatty acids of marine (animal) origin in the management of these disorders, but scarce and more contemporary are those of n-3 of plant sources. Objectives: to carry out a critical analysis of the experimental scientific evidence of the effects of a vegetable source (Salvia hispanica L. -chia-) and another animal (marine) of n-3 fatty acids on metabolic alterations present in the SM. Materials and methods: descriptive and observational study applied to a sample of 32 scientific articles. The effects of n-3 fatty acids (seed/oil chia and marine oils) on different SMrelated parameters were analyzed in experimental models induced by diets rich in simple sugars and/or fats. Results: both sources of n-3 improve triglycerides, total cholesterol and plasma free fatty acids levels, glycemia, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, weight of adipose tissue (visceral), systolic blood pressure, size of adipocytes, hepatic triglycerides, proinflammatory markers and lipogenic and antioxidants enzymes activities. Conclusions: the vegetable and marine source of n-3 showed beneficial effects on some risk factors of MS, becoming to the seed/oil of chia as a novel alternative to the traditional marine source in the management of these disorders.
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