Desigualdades en la educación secundaria: emergentes de la Evaluación Aprender 2019 y 2022

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Fecha
12/2025
Editorial
Universidad del Comahue
Revista
Revista Pilquen
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1851-3115
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El contexto educativo actual en la Argentina se caracteriza por la existencia de diversas desigualdades que se materializan, entre otras cosas, en problemáticas de abandono, repitencia y dificultades en la adquisición de conocimientos. En el nivel secundario, los procesos de democratización del acceso no implican procesos homogéneos en los conocimientos adquiridos. En esta línea, resulta de interés analizar desempeños de los estudiantes de nivel secundario e identificar posibles procesos desiguales de construcción de saberes. Realizamos una investigación comparativa de datos de la Evaluación Aprender 2019 y 2022 en nivel secundario en las disciplinas lengua y matemáticas. Específicamente se consideraron tres variables de comparación: jurisdicciones, tipo de gestión y momento (2019 y 2022). Estas variables se han seleccionado considerando estudios previos que indican procesos desiguales según jurisdicción y gestión, y deterioro en los resultados educativos postpandemia. Se analizaron todos los datos disponibles en la página oficial de la Secretaría de Educación de la República Argentina (Informe Nacional e Informes Jurisdiccionales). En 2019, participaron 345145 estudiantes (72,9% de los matriculados) y en 2022, 397687 (69,2% de los matriculados). El estudio muestra diferencias en los desempeños a partir de la comparación de momentos (2019 y 2022), jurisdicciones y tipos de gestión. Se espera aportar conocimientos para el diseño y la ejecución de programas y políticas orientadas a la atención de desigualdades educativas en el nivel secundario.
The current educational context in Argentina is characterized by the existence of various inequalities that materialize, among other things, in problems of dropping out, repeating grades, and difficulties in acquiring knowledge. At the secondary level, the processes of democratization of access do not imply homogeneous processes in the knowledge acquired. In this line, it is of interest to analyse the performance of secondary level students and identify possible unequal processes of knowledge construction. We carried out a comparative investigation of data from the “Aprender” Assessment 2019 and 2022 at the secondary level in the disciplines of language and mathematics. Specifically, three variables were considered for comparison: jurisdictions, type of management, and time (2019 and 2022). These variables have been selected considering previous studies that indicate unequal processes according to jurisdiction and management, and deterioration in educational results post-pandemic. All data available on the official website of the Secretariat of Education of the Argentine Republic were analysed (National Report and Jurisdictional Reports). In 2019, 345,145 students participated (72.9% of those enrolled) and in 2022, 397,687 (69.2% of those enrolled). The study shows differences in performance based on the comparison of moments (2019 and 2022), jurisdictions and types of management. It is expected to provide knowledge for the design and implementation of programs and policies aimed at addressing educational inequalities at the secondary level.
The current educational context in Argentina is characterized by the existence of various inequalities that materialize, among other things, in problems of dropping out, repeating grades, and difficulties in acquiring knowledge. At the secondary level, the processes of democratization of access do not imply homogeneous processes in the knowledge acquired. In this line, it is of interest to analyse the performance of secondary level students and identify possible unequal processes of knowledge construction. We carried out a comparative investigation of data from the “Aprender” Assessment 2019 and 2022 at the secondary level in the disciplines of language and mathematics. Specifically, three variables were considered for comparison: jurisdictions, type of management, and time (2019 and 2022). These variables have been selected considering previous studies that indicate unequal processes according to jurisdiction and management, and deterioration in educational results post-pandemic. All data available on the official website of the Secretariat of Education of the Argentine Republic were analysed (National Report and Jurisdictional Reports). In 2019, 345,145 students participated (72.9% of those enrolled) and in 2022, 397,687 (69.2% of those enrolled). The study shows differences in performance based on the comparison of moments (2019 and 2022), jurisdictions and types of management. It is expected to provide knowledge for the design and implementation of programs and policies aimed at addressing educational inequalities at the secondary level.
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