Informalidad y trabajadores pobres en Argentina (2003-2023)

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Fecha
10/2024
Editorial
Fondo de Cultura Económica
Revista
El Trimestre Económico
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0041-3011
eISSN
2448-718X
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Español
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Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la relación entre la pobreza de los trabajadores y la informalidad, a partir del caso argentino de las últimas dos décadas. Se examina el efecto neto de la informalidad laboral sobre la pobreza monetaria, así como en qué condiciones laborales, sociodemográficas y familiares la informalidad se asocia más intensamente con la pobreza. Se utilizan microdatos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC), y se aplican microsimulaciones y análisis multivariados. Los resultados muestran que la informalidad es un componente estructural del mercado de trabajo urbano y que su efecto neto es relevante y sostenido en el tiempo. Sin embargo, también se revela que la relación entre informalidad y pobreza no es sencilla: la mayor parte de las inserciones informales no están directamente vinculadas con las privaciones económicas. El riesgo de pobreza entre ocupados informales se explica no sólo por las características de sus ocupaciones, sino también por características sociodemográficas, las tasas de dependencia en sus hogares y la baja capacidad de protección de las prestaciones sociales.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between working poverty and informality, based on the Argentine case of the last two decades. We examine the net effect of labor informality on monetary poverty and under which labor, socio-demographic, and family conditions informality is more strongly associated with poverty. We use micro data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses’ (INDEC) Permanent Household Survey and apply microsimulations and multivariate analysis. The results show that informality is a structural component of the urban labor market and that the net effect of informality is relevant and sustained over time. However, they also reveal that the relationship between informality and poverty is not straightforward: most informal insertions are not directly linked to economic deprivation. The risk of poverty among the informally em ployed is explained not only by the characteristics of their occupations, but also by sociodemographic characteristics, dependency rates in their households, and the low protective capacity of social benefits.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between working poverty and informality, based on the Argentine case of the last two decades. We examine the net effect of labor informality on monetary poverty and under which labor, socio-demographic, and family conditions informality is more strongly associated with poverty. We use micro data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses’ (INDEC) Permanent Household Survey and apply microsimulations and multivariate analysis. The results show that informality is a structural component of the urban labor market and that the net effect of informality is relevant and sustained over time. However, they also reveal that the relationship between informality and poverty is not straightforward: most informal insertions are not directly linked to economic deprivation. The risk of poverty among the informally em ployed is explained not only by the characteristics of their occupations, but also by sociodemographic characteristics, dependency rates in their households, and the low protective capacity of social benefits.
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