Racismo y labor civilizatoria en la prensa antiperonista durante la Revolución Libertadora, Jujuy, Argentina

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Fecha
03/2014
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Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales
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2215-2997
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El derrocamiento del peronismo y la posteriorinstauración del régimen designado “Revolución Libertadora”favorecieron la emergencia de un proceso de transformación delos discursos de carácter público, expresados fundamentalmenteen la prensa. El proceso de desperonización supuso una serie deinnovaciones en la esfera pública de manera tal que se sustituyótoda referencia al régimen destituido en beneficio de una tramadiscursiva de manifiesta naturaleza antiperonista.En este marco se desarrolló un proceso de impugnación delos elementos vinculados al peronismo; la prensa operó comoun actor enérgico que interpeló al Estado, demandándole lasupresión de los vestigios del gobierno anterior, entre estos, losnombres de los lugares públicos.La campaña desatada por los diarios de Jujuy comportó, en elcaso específico de Crónica, la exigencia de redenominación yrenormalización de espacios nominados mediante apelacionesde naturaleza indígena, como la plaza Túpac Amaru. Losfundamentos del medio gráfico se hallaban en la explícitacondición de salvajismo que el mismo diario le asignaba alpersonaje mencionado.
Este tratamiento peyorativo tuvo antecedentes durante el gobierno peronista y formó parte de los principios constitutivos del antiperonismo. Esta práctica se expresó durante este período en la reedición de la histórica consigna “civilización y barbarie”.El presente trabajo se orienta a determinar las características de la dimensión racista del antiperonismo en función de la constitución de sus representaciones específicas en torno a particulares fenómenos históricos.
The overthrow of Peronism and the subsequent establishment of the Revolución Libertadora regime (Liberating Revolution) favored the emergence of a process of transformation of public speech, mainly issued by the press. The deperonization process involved a series of innovations in the public sphere in a way that all references to the deposed regime were replaced to favor an openly antiperonist discourse. In this framework, a process was started to impugn those elements linked to Peronism; the press took an active role questioning the State and demanding the suppression of any traces of the previous government, such as the names of public places. The campaign promoted by Jujuy newspapers, specifically the Crónica, demanded renaming and renormalizing spaces named after indigenous appeals, such as the Plaza Tupac Amaru. The newspaper founded this change on the explicit savagery condition assigned by the newspaper to the person referred to in the name of the place. This pejorative treatment can be traced back during the Peronist government and became part of the constitutive principles of Antiperonism. This practice was expressed during this period by reissuing the historic slogan “civilization and barbarism” (“civilización y barbarie”). This paper is aimed at determining the characteristics of the racist dimension of Antiperonism depending on the constitution of its specific representations about particular historical events.
The overthrow of Peronism and the subsequent establishment of the Revolución Libertadora regime (Liberating Revolution) favored the emergence of a process of transformation of public speech, mainly issued by the press. The deperonization process involved a series of innovations in the public sphere in a way that all references to the deposed regime were replaced to favor an openly antiperonist discourse. In this framework, a process was started to impugn those elements linked to Peronism; the press took an active role questioning the State and demanding the suppression of any traces of the previous government, such as the names of public places. The campaign promoted by Jujuy newspapers, specifically the Crónica, demanded renaming and renormalizing spaces named after indigenous appeals, such as the Plaza Tupac Amaru. The newspaper founded this change on the explicit savagery condition assigned by the newspaper to the person referred to in the name of the place. This pejorative treatment can be traced back during the Peronist government and became part of the constitutive principles of Antiperonism. This practice was expressed during this period by reissuing the historic slogan “civilization and barbarism” (“civilización y barbarie”). This paper is aimed at determining the characteristics of the racist dimension of Antiperonism depending on the constitution of its specific representations about particular historical events.
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