Tu a saeclis praeelecta: mariología poética en algunas sequentiae de Adán de San Víctor

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11/2022
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Universidad del Salvador
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2796-8669
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Adán de San Víctor (c.1112-1192), canónigo agustino a partir de 1130 en esa célebre abadía parisina, comparte la filiación victorina con otros canónigos más conocidos, como Hugo y Ricardo de San Víctor. Adán se supone autor de más de un centenar de sequentiae, aunque muchas de las conservadas hoy podrían ser consideradas apócrifas. La novedad victorina con respecto a la sequentia antigua, y a la intermedia o transicional, es lo que modernamente se dio en llamar "canto gótico", una poesía rítmica, con rima bisilábica y estrofas regulares, que presenta una alternancia de octosílabos y heptasílabos, y cuya música puede contarse entre los primeros ensayos del canto polifónico. Esta secuencia tardía es un logro acabado de los parisinos del siglo XII ligados al capítulo catedralicio de Notre-Dame y, particularmente, a la abadía de Saint-Victor. Los estudios más completos sobre el tema, como el de Margot Fassler ("Gothic Song", 1993), identifican a Adán de San Víctor con Adam Precentor, de Notre-Dame de París, retrotrayendo la fecha de su actividad a la primera mitad del siglo XII (dato que lo vuelve contemporáneo, a su vez, de Guillermo de Champeaux, fundador de la abadía), es decir, a la época del pleno fervor de la sequentia gótica. La poesía de Adán de San Víctor pudo haber sido un terreno de alta innovación musical, pero, sin lugar a duda, constituyó un refinado vehículo de profunda reflexión y rica expresión mariológica, por lo que llegó a influir en la poesía mariana en romance incluso fuera de Francia.
Adam of Saint Victor (c.1112-1192), an Augustinian Canon Regular since 1130 in that famous Parisian abbey, shares the Victorine affiliation with other better-known Canons, such as Hugh and Richard of Saint-Victor. Adam is supposed to be the author of more than a hundred sequentiae, although many of those preserved today could be considered apocryphal. The Victorine innovation with respect to the old, and to the intermediate or transitional sequentia, is what is now called ‘Gothic chant’, a rhythmic poetry, with bisyllabic rhyme and regular stanzas, in an alternation of octosyllables and heptasyllables, and with a music that can be considered among the first examples of polyphonic singing. This latest sequence is the achievement of 12th-Century Parisians rom the cathedral chapter of Notre-Dame and, particularly, from the abbey of SaintVictor. The most complete studies on the subject, such as that of Margot Fassler (Gothic Song, 1993), identify Adam of Saint-Victor with Adam Precentor, of Notre-Dame de Paris, bringing the date of his activity back to the first half of the 12th century (which makes him contemporary of William de Champeaux, the founder of the abbey), that is, at the time of the full fervour of the Gothic sequentia. The poetry of Adam of Saint-Victor could have been a field of high musical innovation, but, unquestionably, it constituted a refined vehicle for profound reflection and rich Mariological expression, influencing Marian poetry in Romance even outside France.
Adam of Saint Victor (c.1112-1192), an Augustinian Canon Regular since 1130 in that famous Parisian abbey, shares the Victorine affiliation with other better-known Canons, such as Hugh and Richard of Saint-Victor. Adam is supposed to be the author of more than a hundred sequentiae, although many of those preserved today could be considered apocryphal. The Victorine innovation with respect to the old, and to the intermediate or transitional sequentia, is what is now called ‘Gothic chant’, a rhythmic poetry, with bisyllabic rhyme and regular stanzas, in an alternation of octosyllables and heptasyllables, and with a music that can be considered among the first examples of polyphonic singing. This latest sequence is the achievement of 12th-Century Parisians rom the cathedral chapter of Notre-Dame and, particularly, from the abbey of SaintVictor. The most complete studies on the subject, such as that of Margot Fassler (Gothic Song, 1993), identify Adam of Saint-Victor with Adam Precentor, of Notre-Dame de Paris, bringing the date of his activity back to the first half of the 12th century (which makes him contemporary of William de Champeaux, the founder of the abbey), that is, at the time of the full fervour of the Gothic sequentia. The poetry of Adam of Saint-Victor could have been a field of high musical innovation, but, unquestionably, it constituted a refined vehicle for profound reflection and rich Mariological expression, influencing Marian poetry in Romance even outside France.
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