Remoción de arsénico (As) y fluoruros (F-) en aguas subterráneas por medio de procesos de coagulación, adsorción y doble filtración
; Ingallinella, Ana María ; Pacini, Virginia Alejandra
; Fernández, Rubén ; Saguinetti, Graciela ; Quevedo, Hernán Otros responsables
Fecha
10/2014
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Centro Universitario Rosario de Investigaciones Hidroambientales
Revista
Cuadernos del Curiham
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1514-2906
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
La presencia del Arsénico en aguas destinadas a bebida ha ocasionado la diseminación del Hidroarsenicismo Crónico Regional Endémico (HACRE), enfermedad que se manifiesta principalmente por alteraciones dermatológicas, pudiendo evolucionar hacia distintos tipos de cáncer. Con respecto a la presencia de los fluoruros en aguas de bebida, concentraciones menores a 1.5 mg/L protegen las dentaduras de los niños que hagan uso de las mismas, pero se ha demostrado que concentraciones de fluoruros superiores a los 2 mg/L generan fluorosis dental o manchado de los dientes, y diversas afecciones a los huesos como fluorosis esquelética. En el Centro de Ingeniería Sanitaria (CIS) se ha desarrollado un proceso para la remoción de arsénico y fluoruros en aguas subterráneas con baja dureza y bajos contenidos de sales totales. El Proceso ArCIS-UNR® consiste en un proceso de coagulación-adsorción en flóculos de hidróxido de aluminio, corrección de pH inicial y dos etapas de filtración: una primera de prefiltración ascendente en mantos de grava y luego una filtración rápida en arena. Dicho proceso permite lograr concentraciones de arsénico menores a 0.05 mg/L en el agua tratada (con una operación más controlada 0.02 mg/L), y 1.5 mg/L de fluoruros, y está siendo aplicado a escala real en poblaciones de hasta 10000 habitantes. Sin embargo, el Proceso ArCISUNR® es demandado por poblaciones con mayor número de habitantes y con concentraciones mayores de fluoruros en el agua a tratar. Por este motivo se propuso modificar el proceso original, por un lado trabajar con un pH de ingreso de 6, ya que según investigaciones previas, se remueve mejor el fluoruro a pH bajos, y por otro lado reemplazar la prefiltración gruesa por una etapa de filtración rápida ascendente, y así poder tratar mayores caudales con menor superficie filtrante. Los ensayos preliminares de este nuevo esquema indican que se pueden obtener buenos resultados en cuanto a remoción de arsénico y fluoruros. Para concentraciones de arsénico en el agua cruda entre 0.08 y 0.12 mg/L, se obtuvieron concentraciones de salida en el agua tratada < 0.02 mg/L. Mientras que para concentraciones iniciales de fluoruros entre 2.7 y 3.0 mg/L, se lograron concentraciones de salida entre 1.4 y 1.6 mg/L.
The presence of arsenic (As) in drinking water has caused the spread of Chronic Regional Endemic Hydroarsenicism (HACRE), this is a disease that causes skin lesions and different types of cancers. Regarding the presence of fluoride (F- ) in drinking water, lower concentrations to 1.5 mg/L protect the dentures of children who use them, but it has been shown that higher concentrations of F- to 2 mg/L generate dental fluorosis (stained teeth) and deseases affecting the bones such as skeletal fluorosis. At the Center for Sanitary Engineering (CIS) thas been developed a process for the removal of As and F- in groundwater which has low total salinity. The ArCIS-UNR® process consists of a coagulation-adsorption process on aluminum hydroxide flocs, initial pH correction and two filtration stages: a first coarse upflow gravel prefiltration then rapid filtration. This process achieves As concentrations less than 0.05 mg/L in treated water (with a more controlled operation 0.02 mg/L), and 1.5 mg/L of F- , and is being applied to real scale in populations up to 10000 inhabitants. However, ArCIS-UNR® process is requested for cities with larger population and with higher concentrations of F- in the water to be treated. Therefore it was proposed to modify the original process, on the one hand to work with a initial pH of 6, because according on previous research, the F- removes better at low pH, and on the other hand to replace the coarse prefiltration stage by an stage of upflow rapid filtration so it could be possible to work with higher flow rates with lower filter surface. Preliminary tests indicate that this new scheme can achieve good results in terms of removal of As and F- . For concentrations of As in the raw water between 0.08 and 0.12 mg/L, outlet concentrations were obtained in the treated water < 0.02 mg/L. While initial concentrations of F- to between 2.7 and 3.0 mg/L, outlet concentrations between 1.4 and 1.6 mg/L were achieved.
The presence of arsenic (As) in drinking water has caused the spread of Chronic Regional Endemic Hydroarsenicism (HACRE), this is a disease that causes skin lesions and different types of cancers. Regarding the presence of fluoride (F- ) in drinking water, lower concentrations to 1.5 mg/L protect the dentures of children who use them, but it has been shown that higher concentrations of F- to 2 mg/L generate dental fluorosis (stained teeth) and deseases affecting the bones such as skeletal fluorosis. At the Center for Sanitary Engineering (CIS) thas been developed a process for the removal of As and F- in groundwater which has low total salinity. The ArCIS-UNR® process consists of a coagulation-adsorption process on aluminum hydroxide flocs, initial pH correction and two filtration stages: a first coarse upflow gravel prefiltration then rapid filtration. This process achieves As concentrations less than 0.05 mg/L in treated water (with a more controlled operation 0.02 mg/L), and 1.5 mg/L of F- , and is being applied to real scale in populations up to 10000 inhabitants. However, ArCIS-UNR® process is requested for cities with larger population and with higher concentrations of F- in the water to be treated. Therefore it was proposed to modify the original process, on the one hand to work with a initial pH of 6, because according on previous research, the F- removes better at low pH, and on the other hand to replace the coarse prefiltration stage by an stage of upflow rapid filtration so it could be possible to work with higher flow rates with lower filter surface. Preliminary tests indicate that this new scheme can achieve good results in terms of removal of As and F- . For concentrations of As in the raw water between 0.08 and 0.12 mg/L, outlet concentrations were obtained in the treated water < 0.02 mg/L. While initial concentrations of F- to between 2.7 and 3.0 mg/L, outlet concentrations between 1.4 and 1.6 mg/L were achieved.
Colecciones
Aprobación
Revisión
Complementado por
Referenciado por
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como by-nc-sa
