Carga de enfermedad por consumo de tabaco en Perú y efecto proyectado del fortalecimiento de medidas para su control: un estudio de modelado
; Alcaraz, Andrea ; Mejia, Jhonatan R. ; Espinola, Natalia ; Lazo, Elena ; Cairoli, Federico ; Palacios, Alfredo ; Perelli, Lucas ; Augustovski, Federico Ariel
; Loza Munarriz, Cesar ; Casarini, Agustin ; Pichón-Riviere, Andres 
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Fecha
06/2025
Editorial
Instituto Nacional de Salud Perú
Revista
Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública
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1726-4634
eISSN
1726-4642
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Objetivos. Estimar la carga económica y de enfermedad asociada al consumo de tabaco en Perú y el efecto proyectado de fortalecer medidas específicas de control del tabaco. Materiales y métodos. Utilizamos un modelo de microsimulación de Markov para evaluar la mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo, eventos de enfermedad, costos económicos y beneficios proyectados a diez años considerando la implementación de medidas como el empaquetado neutro, el cumplimiento total de las leyes sobre lugares libres de humo, la prohibición completa de la publicidad, promoción y patrocinio del tabaco, y aumento de los impuestos sobre los cigarrillos. Resultados. Anualmente en Perú, alrededor de 22,350 muertes y 126,000 eventos de enfermedad son atribuibles al tabaquismo, con 19% de todas las muertes por enfermedades cardíacas, 18% de las muertes por accidente cerebrovascular y 515,768 años de vida perdidos. Además, aproximadamente el 1,28% del producto bruto interno se pierde anualmente debido al tabaquismo. Durante diez años, la implementación del empaquetado neutro podría evitar 6218 muertes, 31,700 eventos y ahorrar USD 576 millones. Cumplir completamente con los lugares libres de humo evitaría 4982 muertes, 25,400 eventos y ahorraría USD 461 millones. Prohibir la publicidad, promoción y patrocinio podría prevenir 8767 muertes, 44,700 eventos y ahorrar USD 812 millones. Aumentar el precio de los cigarrillos en un 50% podría evitar 20,400 muertes, 658,400 años de vida saludables perdidos, y un beneficio económico superior a los USD 3300 millones. Conclusiones. La carga económica y de enfermedad del uso del tabaco en Perú es importante. Un mayor esfuerzo en el control del tabaco reduciría significativamente esta carga.
Objectives. To estimate the economic burden and disease burden associated with tobacco use in Peru and the projected effect of strengthening specific tobacco control measures. Materials and methods. We used a Markov microsimulation model to assess smoking-attributable mortality, disease events, economic costs, and projected benefits over ten years, considering the implementation of measures such as plain packaging, full enforcement of smoke-free laws, a complete ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, and increased cigarette taxes. Results. Each year in Peru, approximately 22,350 deaths and 126,000 disease events are attributable to tobacco use, accounting for 19% of all deaths from heart disease, 18% of deaths from stroke, and 515,768 years of life lost. In addition, approximately 1.28% of gross domestic product is lost annually due to smoking. Over ten years, the implementation of plain packaging could prevent 6,218 deaths, 31,700 events, and save 576 million USD. Full compliance with smoke-free places would prevent 4,982 deaths, 25,400 events, and save 461 million USD. Banning advertising, promotion, and sponsorship could prevent 8,767 deaths, 44,700 events, and save 812 million USD. Increasing cigarette prices by 50% could prevent 20,400 deaths, 658,400 healthy life years lost, and an economic benefit of more than 3.3 billion USD. Conclusions. The economic and disease burden of tobacco use in Peru is significant. Greater efforts to control tobacco would significantly reduce this burden.
Objectives. To estimate the economic burden and disease burden associated with tobacco use in Peru and the projected effect of strengthening specific tobacco control measures. Materials and methods. We used a Markov microsimulation model to assess smoking-attributable mortality, disease events, economic costs, and projected benefits over ten years, considering the implementation of measures such as plain packaging, full enforcement of smoke-free laws, a complete ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, and increased cigarette taxes. Results. Each year in Peru, approximately 22,350 deaths and 126,000 disease events are attributable to tobacco use, accounting for 19% of all deaths from heart disease, 18% of deaths from stroke, and 515,768 years of life lost. In addition, approximately 1.28% of gross domestic product is lost annually due to smoking. Over ten years, the implementation of plain packaging could prevent 6,218 deaths, 31,700 events, and save 576 million USD. Full compliance with smoke-free places would prevent 4,982 deaths, 25,400 events, and save 461 million USD. Banning advertising, promotion, and sponsorship could prevent 8,767 deaths, 44,700 events, and save 812 million USD. Increasing cigarette prices by 50% could prevent 20,400 deaths, 658,400 healthy life years lost, and an economic benefit of more than 3.3 billion USD. Conclusions. The economic and disease burden of tobacco use in Peru is significant. Greater efforts to control tobacco would significantly reduce this burden.
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