Golpes de estado y golpes constitucionales: Usos e innovación de un concepto político fundamental

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Fecha
06/2019
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata
Revista
PolHis
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1853-7723
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Español
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Resumen
Proponemos realizar una breve y preliminar historia del concepto político golpe, concebido por la Teoría Política europea entre los siglos XVII/XVIII y definido como virtud del gobernante para el ejercicio defensivo del poder político. A mediados del siglo XIX se reactualiza como acto de fuerza individual que emerge del poder de iniciativa de un hombre. Redefinido como golpe militar durante el siglo XX, se asocia a formas sorpresivas de acceso al poder político por parte de actores que desafían la constitución legal y/o legítima de la soberanía. En ese tiempo, golpe se asocia con una acción ofensiva que quiebra el Estado Constitucional de Derecho. Desde inicios del nuevo milenio es usado como golpe constitucional, legal, suave, o blando, y se lo vincula con el desplazamiento mediante mecanismos institucionales y/o constitucionales de gobernantes electos por sufragio popular, en los que no se registra un cambio de régimen político, ni quiebre del Estado Constitucional de Derecho.
Coup is a Political Theory key concept, even though is being used in the public and political vocabulary. The concept of coup d` etat emerged in the modern European Political Theory. At the turn of the 18th century, it was understood as a virtue of the ruler, a defensive way ofexercing political power. In the middle of the 19th century it meantan individual act of force of a single man. Along the 20th century the concept changed to military coup, and started to be associated with taking political power by force breaking the rule of law. From the new millennium and to the present, it is used as a legal or a constitutional form of coup by institutional methods. In this sense, the coup it is not a political regime change neither a breakdown of the rule of law. This paper propose a preliminary conceptual history of this fundamental political concept that is currently used with a varietyof analytical, descriptive and qualifying intentions.
Coup is a Political Theory key concept, even though is being used in the public and political vocabulary. The concept of coup d` etat emerged in the modern European Political Theory. At the turn of the 18th century, it was understood as a virtue of the ruler, a defensive way ofexercing political power. In the middle of the 19th century it meantan individual act of force of a single man. Along the 20th century the concept changed to military coup, and started to be associated with taking political power by force breaking the rule of law. From the new millennium and to the present, it is used as a legal or a constitutional form of coup by institutional methods. In this sense, the coup it is not a political regime change neither a breakdown of the rule of law. This paper propose a preliminary conceptual history of this fundamental political concept that is currently used with a varietyof analytical, descriptive and qualifying intentions.
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