Deber de veracidad, regla del silencio y estándar de prueba

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Fecha
06/2021
Editorial
Universidad de Alicante
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Doxa (Alicante)
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0214-8676
eISSN
2386-4702
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Español
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Resumen
La regla del silencio, como estrategia para conciliar las exigencias en pugna que pesan sobre el abogado en el proceso adversarial, debe ser corregida en dos sentidos. Primero, es necesario advertir que el deber de veracidad es sensible a los elementos de juicio que dan sustento a lo que el abogado asevera o niega y al estándar de prueba que utiliza el proceso judicial. Segundo, los elementos de juicio pertinentes para determinar si la exigencia de veracidad ha sido o no satisfecha son aquellos de los que dispone el abogado aun si estos son inadmisibles en el proceso por la existencia de filtros no-epistémicos. La regla revisada impone un deber débil de veracidad que pesa sobre el abogado aun antes que la acción judicial haya sido iniciada. Falta a su deber de veracidad el abogado que al iniciar la demanda o al contestarla realiza aseveraciones sin tener a su alcance elementos de juicio –admisibles o inadmisibles– que las respalden hasta el punto requerido por el estándar de prueba del proceso que pretende iniciar.
The rule of silence, as a strategy to reconcile the competing demands on the lawyer in the adversarial process, must be revised in two ways. First, the duty of candor is sensitive to the elements of judgment that support what the lawyer asserts or denies and the standard of proof used in the judicial process. Second, the pertinent elements of judgment to determine whether the duty of candor has been satisfied are those available to the lawyer, even if those elements are inadmissible in the process due to the existence of non-epistemic filters. The revised rule imposes a weak duty of veracity or candor on lawyers, even before the legal action has been initiated. The lawyer who makes assertions without having elements of judgment –admissible or inadmissible– that bring support to them to the extent required by the legal standard of proof, violates the duty of candor.
The rule of silence, as a strategy to reconcile the competing demands on the lawyer in the adversarial process, must be revised in two ways. First, the duty of candor is sensitive to the elements of judgment that support what the lawyer asserts or denies and the standard of proof used in the judicial process. Second, the pertinent elements of judgment to determine whether the duty of candor has been satisfied are those available to the lawyer, even if those elements are inadmissible in the process due to the existence of non-epistemic filters. The revised rule imposes a weak duty of veracity or candor on lawyers, even before the legal action has been initiated. The lawyer who makes assertions without having elements of judgment –admissible or inadmissible– that bring support to them to the extent required by the legal standard of proof, violates the duty of candor.
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