Biopolítica y subjetivación de los cuerpos medicalizados

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Fecha
2021-05-23
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Latin American Publicações
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Latin American Journal of Development
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2674-9297
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El artículo problematiza los procesos contemporáneos de medicalización con el doble propósito de consolidar un enfoque teórico en clave filosófica, sociológica y semántica de estos fenómenos, y de aportar evidencia empírica sobre el modo en que la discursividad de la medicalización se estructura y circula socialmente, así como los efectos subjetivos que genera. Se afirma la premisa que la problemática de la medicalización requiere concebir al cuerpo, la salud y la vida como entidades complejas, tejidas de discursos e imaginarios, posiciones subjetivas y materialidades corpóreas que manifiestan síntomas y malestares. La medicalización y la construcción de enfermedades son comprendidas en la articulación de tecnologías bio-noo-políticas de gobierno de los cuerpos, los signos y las subjetividades. Se adopta una perspectiva discursiva que lleva a primer plano la construcción significante del cuidado de la salud como problemática central del campo de Comunicación y Salud. La indagación empírica que sustenta el trabajo tiene el objetivo de identificar y comprender las significaciones asociadas al cuerpo y la salud en discursos que contribuyen a la medicalización y patologización de procesos normales de la vida. Con este fin se efectúa un análisis de discursos publicitarios de laboratorios farmacéuticos y dermocosméticos, atendiendo particularmente a los referidos al embarazo, el parto y el envejecimiento, principales procesos vitales considerados “noenfermedades” que resultan medicalizados. Los emergentes del análisis enfatizan las operaciones significantes relativas a nociones como cuerpo, salud, vida, bienestar, enfermedad, malestar, dolor, para cada uno de los tres procesos vitales mencionados, así como su integración e interpretación conjunta.
The article problematizes contemporary processes of medicalization with the double purpose of consolidating a theoretical approach in the philosophical, sociological and semantic key of these phenomena, and of providing empirical evidence on the way in which the discursivity of medicalization is structured and circulates socially, as well as the subjective effects it generates. It´s states that the problem of medicalization requires conceiving the body, health and life as complex entities, woven of discourses and imaginaries, subjective positions and corporeal materialities that manifest symptoms and malaises. The medicalization and the construction of diseases are understood in the articulation of bio-noo-political technologies of governing of bodies, signs and subjectivities. A discursive perspective is adopted that brings to the fore the significance construction about health care as a central problem of the field of Communication and Health. The empirical inquiry that supports the work aims to identify and understand the meanings associated with the body and health in discourses that contribute to the medicalization and pathologization of normal life processes. For this purpose, an analysis of advertising discourses of pharmaceutical and dermocosmetic laboratories is carried out, paying attention to those referring to pregnancy, childbirth and aging, the main vital processes considered "non-diseases" that are medicalized. The results of the analysis emphasize the significance operations related to notions such as body, health, life, well-being, illness, malaises, pain, for each of the three vital processes mentioned, as well as their integration and joint interpretation.
The article problematizes contemporary processes of medicalization with the double purpose of consolidating a theoretical approach in the philosophical, sociological and semantic key of these phenomena, and of providing empirical evidence on the way in which the discursivity of medicalization is structured and circulates socially, as well as the subjective effects it generates. It´s states that the problem of medicalization requires conceiving the body, health and life as complex entities, woven of discourses and imaginaries, subjective positions and corporeal materialities that manifest symptoms and malaises. The medicalization and the construction of diseases are understood in the articulation of bio-noo-political technologies of governing of bodies, signs and subjectivities. A discursive perspective is adopted that brings to the fore the significance construction about health care as a central problem of the field of Communication and Health. The empirical inquiry that supports the work aims to identify and understand the meanings associated with the body and health in discourses that contribute to the medicalization and pathologization of normal life processes. For this purpose, an analysis of advertising discourses of pharmaceutical and dermocosmetic laboratories is carried out, paying attention to those referring to pregnancy, childbirth and aging, the main vital processes considered "non-diseases" that are medicalized. The results of the analysis emphasize the significance operations related to notions such as body, health, life, well-being, illness, malaises, pain, for each of the three vital processes mentioned, as well as their integration and joint interpretation.
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