Comparación de métodos para pronosticar el índice de temperatura y humedad ITH diario en el departamento Nogoyá, Entre Ríos
; Aguirre, Cesar Augusto
; Lissaso, Cecilia María Andrea ; Lopez. Guillermo Gabriel ; Brizuela, Armando Benito 
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Fecha
12/2016
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Revista Científica Agropecuaria
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ISSN
0329-3602
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Español
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Resumen
El ITH es un índice que combina las variables de temperatura y humedad, se utiliza para determinar si los bovinos de leche se hallan en condiciones ambientales de confort. Cuando el ITH supera el valor 72 el bovino puede entrar en estrés calórico lo que podría repercutir de manera negativa en la producción láctea. Existen estrategias de manejo que los tamberos pueden implementar para mitigar los efectos negativos del estrés calórico. Por eso es importante contar con un pronóstico del ITH. En el presente trabajo se proponen y evalúan dos metodologías para la estimación del ITH y su aplicación al desarrollo de pronóstico previsto en el proyecto de extensión ´Sistema de alerta por estrés calórico para vacas lecheras: La vaca bacana´. Las metodologías propuestas consisten en a) estimación a partir de dos funciones ajustadas entre ITH y temperatura, para valores inferiores y superiores a 27°C; y b) estimación a partir del ajuste de una función senoidal para la temperatura y aproximación de la temperatura del punto de rocío a la temperatura mínima para el cálculo de la humedad relativa. Se utilizaron datos disponibles de la estación meteorológica automática de Nogoyá de la Bolsa de Cereales de Entre Ríos correspondientes al período septiembre 2014 - marzo 2015 para evaluar las metodologías propuestas, comparando valores de ITH. Los dos métodos propuestos resultaron adecuados, con ajustes similares, para la estimación de los valores diarios de ITH, como así también para determinar la duración de los intervalos de tiempo con ITH superior a 72.
The THI, an index that combines temperature and relative humidity, is used to determine if dairy cattle are at comfortable environmental conditions. When THI exceeds 72 value, cows may experience heat stress, which could have negative effects on milk production. Dairy farmers can apply management practices to reduce the negative effects of heat stress, so it is important to have a forecast THI to anticipate the implementation of proper practices. In this paper we propose and evaluate two methods for the estimation of THI and the length of the intervals with THI higher than 72 from air temperature, in order to develop a forecast for Nogoyá city, Entre Rios. The proposed methods consist of a) THI estimation from linear functions fitted between THI and temperature; and b) THI estimation from hourly evolution of temperature and relative humidity, estimated with a sine function. Available data of the period September 2014 to March 2015 from the automatic weather station from Bolsa de Cereales de Entre Ríos located at Nogoyá were used. In a) method, two linear functions were fitted to estimate THI maximum and minimum from maximum and minimum daily temperature, respectively. The estimated THI maximum and minimum were used in a proportional scheme to determine the daily hours with THI higher than 72. In b) method, a sine function was used to estimate the daily evolution of temperature and relative humidity from maximum and minimum daily temperature, which were used to the calculus of THI. The duration of the intervals with THI higher than 72 were determined, and also calculated in a daily scale. The proposed methods were similar and adequate to THI estimation, and to determine the length of the hourly intervals with THI above 72. Method a) is more simple to use than method b) because required less calculus, but the last one also allow to determine time intervals of length higher than a day. The both methods could be used for THI forecast from daily maximum and minimum temperature.
The THI, an index that combines temperature and relative humidity, is used to determine if dairy cattle are at comfortable environmental conditions. When THI exceeds 72 value, cows may experience heat stress, which could have negative effects on milk production. Dairy farmers can apply management practices to reduce the negative effects of heat stress, so it is important to have a forecast THI to anticipate the implementation of proper practices. In this paper we propose and evaluate two methods for the estimation of THI and the length of the intervals with THI higher than 72 from air temperature, in order to develop a forecast for Nogoyá city, Entre Rios. The proposed methods consist of a) THI estimation from linear functions fitted between THI and temperature; and b) THI estimation from hourly evolution of temperature and relative humidity, estimated with a sine function. Available data of the period September 2014 to March 2015 from the automatic weather station from Bolsa de Cereales de Entre Ríos located at Nogoyá were used. In a) method, two linear functions were fitted to estimate THI maximum and minimum from maximum and minimum daily temperature, respectively. The estimated THI maximum and minimum were used in a proportional scheme to determine the daily hours with THI higher than 72. In b) method, a sine function was used to estimate the daily evolution of temperature and relative humidity from maximum and minimum daily temperature, which were used to the calculus of THI. The duration of the intervals with THI higher than 72 were determined, and also calculated in a daily scale. The proposed methods were similar and adequate to THI estimation, and to determine the length of the hourly intervals with THI above 72. Method a) is more simple to use than method b) because required less calculus, but the last one also allow to determine time intervals of length higher than a day. The both methods could be used for THI forecast from daily maximum and minimum temperature.
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