Preservación y rehabilitación del monte nativo en el chaco árido argentino: el caso de la asociación de campesinos del Valle del Conlara
; López del Valle, Charo ; Magliano, Patricio Nicolás
; Venturelli, Pablo ; Frank, Fernando ; Jacobo, Elizabeth Juliana Otros responsables
Fecha
07/2024
Editorial
Sociedad Española de Agricultura Ecológica
Revista
Revista Agroecología
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1989-4686
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Español
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Resumen
En la Región Chaqueña argentina, el bosque nativo aún se pierde por la expulsión de campesinos y su reemplazo por monocultivo, mientras el bosque remanente se degrada por sobrepastoreo. Al sur de esa región, en provincia de San Luis, la “Asociación Campesinos del Valle del Conlara” (ACVC) asume en 2007 la defensa del monte nativo como estrategia fundamental en disputa al modelo del agronegocio. El presente estudio de caso analiza cómo la ACVC contribuyó en un período de 10 años (2007–2017) a la preservación y rehabilitación del monte nativo en sistemas campesinos de la zona. Se analizaron procesos en dos escalas: en la de sociedad local se abordaron las acciones sociales colectivas, y en la predial se analizaron las prácticas de manejo implementadas, sus alcances, limitaciones y efectos sobre la condición de monte. Se realizaron entrevistas semi–estructuradas y talleres con actores locales, y se evaluó la condición del monte mediante bioindicadores de vegetación. La ACVC impulsó campañas de visibilización sobre la importancia del monte, procesos socio–organizativos, formación en educación ambiental e investigación–acción–participativa, que permitieron promover prácticas de manejo a escala predial. Las/os campesinas/os preservan una alta proporción del predio con monte nativo, que descansan del pastoreo durante la estación de crecimiento de la vegetación duplicando su cobertura, posibilitado por la utilización estratégica de verdeos de verano o pasturas. Concluimos que las acciones impulsadas por la ACVC la consolidan como un actor clave en la preservación y rehabilitación del monte nativo en la zona.
In the Dry Chaco ecoregion, the native forest is massively cleared without planning at the regional scale, and peasants are being expelled from these lands. In San Luis (Argentina), the peasant organization “Asociación Campesinos del Valle del Conlara” (ACVC) assumed since 2007 the defense of native forests as a fundamental strategy in the dispute with the agribusiness model. The goal of this study case was to analyze how the ACVC contributed in a 10 year period (2007-2017) to the preservation and rehabilitation of the native forest in peasant systems. Two scales were assessed through qualitative and quantitative methodologies: the local society, related to collaborative social actions, and the farm level, related to the management practices, their scope and limitations. Semi–structured interviews and workshops with local actors were carried out and forest condition was evaluated using vegetation bioindicators. The ACVC promoted actions to improve visibility of the importance of the native forest, socio–organizational processes, and management practices aimed at the rehabilitation of degraded forests. Peasants preserve a high proportion of the native vegetation to sustain livestock grazing in the winter dry season. In the summer wet season they use perennial or annual pastures to allow grazing rest. These practices duplicate grasses cover of high forage value, improving forest condition. We conclude that the actions promoted by the ACVC consolidate it as a key actor in the preservation of the native forest in the area.
In the Dry Chaco ecoregion, the native forest is massively cleared without planning at the regional scale, and peasants are being expelled from these lands. In San Luis (Argentina), the peasant organization “Asociación Campesinos del Valle del Conlara” (ACVC) assumed since 2007 the defense of native forests as a fundamental strategy in the dispute with the agribusiness model. The goal of this study case was to analyze how the ACVC contributed in a 10 year period (2007-2017) to the preservation and rehabilitation of the native forest in peasant systems. Two scales were assessed through qualitative and quantitative methodologies: the local society, related to collaborative social actions, and the farm level, related to the management practices, their scope and limitations. Semi–structured interviews and workshops with local actors were carried out and forest condition was evaluated using vegetation bioindicators. The ACVC promoted actions to improve visibility of the importance of the native forest, socio–organizational processes, and management practices aimed at the rehabilitation of degraded forests. Peasants preserve a high proportion of the native vegetation to sustain livestock grazing in the winter dry season. In the summer wet season they use perennial or annual pastures to allow grazing rest. These practices duplicate grasses cover of high forage value, improving forest condition. We conclude that the actions promoted by the ACVC consolidate it as a key actor in the preservation of the native forest in the area.
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