Utopía y distopía del Estado mínimo en la Patagonia: Sueños de secesión y pesadillas apocalípticas

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Fecha
04/2017
Editorial
Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales
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En(clave) Comahue
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Institución organizadora
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2545-6466
eISSN
2545-6393
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Español
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Resumen
Una vez que el Estado argentino conquistó la Patagonia, no tardó en surgir un discurso anti-centralista originado en las penurias que experimentaban los habitantes de estosterritorios australes, a quienesles era negada, además, la plena ciudadanía. Respecto del centro dominante ubicado en la ciudad-puerto de Buenos Aires, la Patagonia se vio a sí misma como un enclave insular, como una colonia interna, continuamente expoliada y eternamente postergada. En este contexto,surgieron narrativas que pretendieron a la vez cuestionar y superar esta relación de dominio. Por un lado, elsueño de la secesión (salida utópica de corte libertarista), expresado minuciosamente en el cuento “Cuando Argentina perdió la Patagonia”, de Salvador San Martín, publicado en 1984. Por otro, la idea de que la propia dinámica del enclave hidrocarburífero, integrado a un mercado capitalista mundialsin regulaciones, acabaría devastando y fragmentando el territorio, en una suerte de pesadilla post-apocalíptica (salida distópica),signada por el agotamiento de los recursos naturales y la extinción de las identidades regionales, que se observa en la previsión tecnocrática escrita por Ramón Martínez Guarino.
Once the Argentinian State conquered Patagonia, it was not long before there emerged an anti-centralist discourse born out of the plight that were suffering the inhabitants of these Southern territories to whom, moreover, full citizenship was denied. With regard to the dominant center located in the harbor-city of Buenos Aires, Patagonia came to see itself as an isolated enclave, like an internal colony, continuously exploited and eternally left behind. This wasthe context for the rise ofsome narrativesthat aimed both at criticizing and overcoming Buenos Aires’s dominant power. On the one hand, the dream of secession (a utopian way out with libertarian content), meticulously expressed in Salvador San Martín’s story “When Patagonia was lost for Argentina”, published in 1984. On the other hand, the idea that the development of the gas and oil industries, connected to an unregulated capitalist world market, would end up devastating and breaking apart this territory, in a kind of apocalyptic nightmare (the dystopic way out), marked by the depletion of natural resources and the extinction of regional identities, as it is presented in the technocratic anticipation written by Ramón Martínez Guarino.
Once the Argentinian State conquered Patagonia, it was not long before there emerged an anti-centralist discourse born out of the plight that were suffering the inhabitants of these Southern territories to whom, moreover, full citizenship was denied. With regard to the dominant center located in the harbor-city of Buenos Aires, Patagonia came to see itself as an isolated enclave, like an internal colony, continuously exploited and eternally left behind. This wasthe context for the rise ofsome narrativesthat aimed both at criticizing and overcoming Buenos Aires’s dominant power. On the one hand, the dream of secession (a utopian way out with libertarian content), meticulously expressed in Salvador San Martín’s story “When Patagonia was lost for Argentina”, published in 1984. On the other hand, the idea that the development of the gas and oil industries, connected to an unregulated capitalist world market, would end up devastating and breaking apart this territory, in a kind of apocalyptic nightmare (the dystopic way out), marked by the depletion of natural resources and the extinction of regional identities, as it is presented in the technocratic anticipation written by Ramón Martínez Guarino.
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