Spontaneous recovery in dairy cows with subclinical endometritis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the timing of diagnosis and the prevalence of spontaneous recovery of subclinical endometritis (SE) in Holstein dairy cows. Postpartum gynecological control was performed on 512 multiparous Holstein cows, housed in three farms located in the south of the province of Santa Fe (Argentina), from April to October 2022. Experimental cows were those that were diagnosed as healthy, but after endometrial cytology, were positive to SE (n = 56). Two gynecological controls were performed to each cow positive to SE. Considering the moment in which the first control was made, cows with SE were separated into two groups: group M1: between 15 and 30 postpartum days (ppd) and group M2: between 31 and 60 ppd. Each group was reviewed after 15 days from the first control. After the second revision, three experimental groups were formed: SR group: cows that recovered spontaneously, SE group: cows that maintained the disease, and CE group: cows that developed clinical endometritis. A 49 % of cows were diagnosed as healthy cows. After performing endometrial cytology, 78 % of cows were healthy, and the remaining 22% of cows were positive for SE. There was a higher percentage of cows checked during M1 than during M2, and M1 had more than 60 % of spontaneous recovery to SE, although these data did not differ between the studied moments (M1 and M2, P > 0.05). Cows from the SR group presented an abrupt decrease in the % PMN­N found between the first and second endometrial cytology performed (12.1 ± 1.7 and 1.0 ± 0.2 % PMN, respectively; P > 0.0001). In conclusion, the results did not demonstrate a relationship between the timing of diagnosis and the prevalence of spontaneous recovery of subclinical endometritis in Holstein dairy cows.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la relación entre el momento del diagnóstico y la prevalencia de la recuperación espontánea a endometritis subclínica (SE) en vacas lecheras. Se realizó el control ginecológico posparto a 512 vacas Holstein, multíparas, alojadas en tres establecimientos ubicados en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina), desde abril a octubre del 2022. Se utilizaron vacas que fueron diagnosticadas como sanas y que, tras la citología endometrial fueron positivas a SE (n = 56). Se realizaron dos revisiones ginecológicas a todas las vacas con SE. La totalidad de las vacas positivas a SE fueron separadas en dos grupos, considerando el momento de la realización de su primera revisión: grupo M1: entre 15 y 30 días postparto (dpp) y grupo M2: entre 31 y 60 dpp. Cada grupo, nuevamente se revisó a los 15 días después de la primera revisión. Tras la segunda revisión, se conformaron tres grupos experimentales: Grupo SR: vacas que se recuperaron de manera espontánea, Grupo SE: vacas que mantuvieron la enfermedad y Grupo CE: vacas que evolucionaron hacia una endometritis clínica. Del total de vacas revisadas, el 49 % fue diagnosticado como vaca sana. El 78 % resultaron sanas después de la citología endometrial y el restante 22 % de vacas fueron positivas a SE. Hubo un mayor porcentaje de vacas revisadas durante M1, se observó que las vacas con SE tuvieron más del 60 % de recuperación espontánea, aunque no difirieron entre ambos momentos estudiados (M1 y M2, P > 0,05). Las vacas del grupo SR presentaron disminución del % polimorfonucleares neutrófilos (PMN­N) encontrados entre la primera y la segunda citología endometrial realizadas (12,1 ± 1,7 y 1,0 ± 0,2 % PMN, respectivamente; P > 0,0001). Se concluye que no hubo relación entre el momento del diagnósticoyla prevalencia de la remisión espontánea a la endometritis subclínica en vacas lecheras Holstein.