Lipoproteína “a”: elevaciones extremas y polimorfismos genéticos, asociación con lesiones cardíacas y vasculares evaluadas por tomografía
; Quirós, Diego ; Sigismondi, Mario Otros responsables
Fecha
05/2017
Editorial
Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología
Revista
Revista Argentina Cardiología
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1850-3748
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Español
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Introducción: La lipoproteína a [Lp(a)] es una partícula compleja, similar a una lipoproteína de baja densidad, asociada con una molécula de apolipoproteína “a” [apo(a)]. La concentración elevada de Lp(a) plasmática se asocia con riesgo aumentado de enfermedad coronaria y de calcificación valvular aórtica. El riesgo inherente a esta relación está determinado principalmente por factores genéticos. Objetivos: Analizar un grupo de pacientes con elevaciones extremas de Lp(a) [> 100 mg/dl], su asociación con calcificaciones cardiovasculares torácicas (valvulares, coronarias, aorta torácica) detectadas mediante tomografía axial computarizada y evaluar tres polimorfismos genéticos vinculados con los niveles de Lp(a) y lesiones en estas tres regiones. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 40 pacientes en los que se analizaron los polimorfismos rs10455872 y rs2048327 mediante high resolution melting y el número de repeticiones de la secuencia KIV del exón 2 del gen LPA mediante qPCR. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 52,9 años (37% mujeres) y el valor promedio de Lp(a) fue de 170,4 mg/dl. Resultados: El 75% (30/40) de los pacientes presentó al menos una calcificación en la tomografía (valvular, coronaria y/o aorta torácica); de los pacientes con calcificaciones, el 90% presentaron al menos uno de los factores genéticos asociados con mayor patogenicidad de la Lp(a). Conclusión: En un grupo de pacientes con niveles elevados de Lp(a) encontramos un número importante de calcificaciones cardiovasculares torácicas y determinantes genéticos asociados con diferentes isoformas de Lp(a), que podrían ocasionar los niveles elevados de Lp(a) y el riesgo de desarrollo de lesiones valvulares y/o vasculares.
Background: Lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] has a complex structure, similar to low density lipoprotein, associated with one molecule of apolipoprotein a [apo(a)]. Elevated plasma levels of Lp(a) are related to greater risk of coronary artery disease and calcification of the aortic valve. This risk is mainly determined by genetic factors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze a group of patients with extreme Lp(a) levels [>100 mg/dL] and their association with calcifications of the aortic valve, coronary arteries and thoracic aorta detected by computed tomography scan, and to evaluate three genetic polymorphisms associated with Lp(a) levels and lesions in these three regions. Methods: rs10455872 and rs2048327 polymorphisms were analyzed in 40 patients using high resolution melting and the number of KIV-2 repeats in the LPA gene was evaluated using quantitative PCR. Patient mean age was 52.9 years (37% women) and mean Lp(a) was 170.4 mg/dL. Results: Seventy-five percent of patients (30/40) presented at least one calcification in the computed tomography scan (valves, coronary arteries and/or thoracic aorta), and among them, 90% had at least one of the genetic factors associated with Lp(a) pathogenicity. Conclusion: In a group of patients with elevated Lp(a) levels, we found a significant number of cardiovascular thoracic calcifications and genetic determinants associated with different Lp(a) isoforms that could be related with elevated Lp(a) levels and high risk of developing valve or vascular lesions.
Background: Lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] has a complex structure, similar to low density lipoprotein, associated with one molecule of apolipoprotein a [apo(a)]. Elevated plasma levels of Lp(a) are related to greater risk of coronary artery disease and calcification of the aortic valve. This risk is mainly determined by genetic factors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze a group of patients with extreme Lp(a) levels [>100 mg/dL] and their association with calcifications of the aortic valve, coronary arteries and thoracic aorta detected by computed tomography scan, and to evaluate three genetic polymorphisms associated with Lp(a) levels and lesions in these three regions. Methods: rs10455872 and rs2048327 polymorphisms were analyzed in 40 patients using high resolution melting and the number of KIV-2 repeats in the LPA gene was evaluated using quantitative PCR. Patient mean age was 52.9 years (37% women) and mean Lp(a) was 170.4 mg/dL. Results: Seventy-five percent of patients (30/40) presented at least one calcification in the computed tomography scan (valves, coronary arteries and/or thoracic aorta), and among them, 90% had at least one of the genetic factors associated with Lp(a) pathogenicity. Conclusion: In a group of patients with elevated Lp(a) levels, we found a significant number of cardiovascular thoracic calcifications and genetic determinants associated with different Lp(a) isoforms that could be related with elevated Lp(a) levels and high risk of developing valve or vascular lesions.
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