Promesas de desarrollo, despojos y daño moral: experiencias mapuche en Puerto Patriada, El Hoyo (Chubut, Argentina)

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12/2018
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Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales
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Antropologías del Sur
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0719-4498
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Este artículo analiza las políticas de desarrollo forestal implementadas en las décadas de 1960 a 1980 en el noroeste de la provincia de Chubut (Patagonia Argentina) por el estado provincial y aserraderos privados. Entendidas como la posibilidad de alcanzar el progreso en áreas periféricas del país, se promovieron plantaciones de especies alóctonas –pinos– que devinieron en formas de despojo, degradación ambiental y disciplinamiento socio-cultural. El trabajo examina el desplazamiento de sentido producido en torno a los pinos, que pasan de ser una promesa a constituirse en marcas de asedios sin solución de continuidad. Analiza cómo las experiencias emergentes de estas políticas resuenan aun hoy en la zona de Puerto Patriada –noroeste de Chubut– como temporalidades complejas y activas, atravesadas por contradicciones y tensiones producto de la manera particular en que se desarrollaron esas prácticas de despojo, disciplinamiento y dominación capitalista en esta región sobre pequeños-campesinos mapuche y, en menor medida, no indígenas. Sitúa estas políticas en el marco de una historia de relaciones de subordinación interétnica de larga data y profundiza particularmente en la afección que suscitó en todos los órdenes de la cotidianeidad, subjetividades y luchas de quienes allí vivían y los efectos impensados que generó en estos años.
This article analyzes forest development policies implemented since 1960 to 1980 in the northwest of Chubut (Patagonia Argentina) by provincial state and private sawmills. Promoted as the possibility of achieving progress in peripheral areas of the country, plantations of allochthonous species –pines– resulted in forms of dispossession, environmental degradation and sociocultural discipline. This work examines the displacement of meaning produced around the pines, which go from being a promise to becoming marks of uninterrupted sieges. Analyze how experiences of these policies resonate even today in the area of Puerto Patriada –northwest of Chubut– as complex and active temporalities, traversed by contradictions and tensions arising because of the particular way in which these practices of dispossession, discipline and capitalist domination in this region on mapuche smallpeasants and, to lesser extent, non-indigenous, were developed there. It situates these policies within the framework of a long history of inter-ethnic subordination relationship. Likewise deepens, in particular, the affection that aroused in all orders of daily life, subjectivities and struggles of those who lived there and unexpected effects that generated in recent years.
This article analyzes forest development policies implemented since 1960 to 1980 in the northwest of Chubut (Patagonia Argentina) by provincial state and private sawmills. Promoted as the possibility of achieving progress in peripheral areas of the country, plantations of allochthonous species –pines– resulted in forms of dispossession, environmental degradation and sociocultural discipline. This work examines the displacement of meaning produced around the pines, which go from being a promise to becoming marks of uninterrupted sieges. Analyze how experiences of these policies resonate even today in the area of Puerto Patriada –northwest of Chubut– as complex and active temporalities, traversed by contradictions and tensions arising because of the particular way in which these practices of dispossession, discipline and capitalist domination in this region on mapuche smallpeasants and, to lesser extent, non-indigenous, were developed there. It situates these policies within the framework of a long history of inter-ethnic subordination relationship. Likewise deepens, in particular, the affection that aroused in all orders of daily life, subjectivities and struggles of those who lived there and unexpected effects that generated in recent years.
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