Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Associated with Common Bean Web Blight in the Main Bean Growing area of Argentina

Abstract

Common bean web blight (WB), caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph Thanatephorus cucumeris), is among the endemic fungal diseases of major impact in north-western Argentina (NWA). This study aimed to analyse the genetic and pathogenic diversity of R. solani in Salta, NWA, where 97 isolates were recovered from commercial bean cultivars and wild beans showing WB symptoms in a major bean production area. The isolates were characterized on the basis of specific primers, rDNA-ITS sequences and morphological characteristics. All the isolates were identified as R. solani AG 2-2WB, and they exhibited considerable intragroup variation. The phylogenetic tree generated with the ITS sequences confirmed the isolates identification. Aggressiveness of the isolates towards bean seedlings was assessed in the greenhouse. A great variability in virulence was observed among the isolates analysed. On the basis of the disease reaction on foliar tissues, the isolates were grouped into three virulence categories as follows: weakly virulent (30%), moderately virulent (38%) and highly virulent (32%). However, no correlation between virulence and geographical origin was detected. The information generated in this study provides initial data on the population variability of the WB pathogen in north-western Argentina and represents a valuable contribution to regional breeding programmes aimed to obtain cultivars with durable resistance.